Specialization and Adjustment during the Growth of China and India : The Latin American Experience
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper examines the extent to which
the growth of China and India in world markets is affecting
the patterns of trade specialization in Latin American
economies. The authors construct Vollrath's measure of
revealed comparative advantage by 3-digit ISIC sector,
country, and year. This measure accounts for both imports
and exports. The empirical analyses explore the correlation
between the revealed comparative advantage of Latin America
and the two Asian economies. Econometric estimates suggest
that the specialization pattern of Latin A-with the
exception of Mexico-has been moving in opposite direction of
the trade specialization pattern of China and India.
Labor-intensive sectors (both unskilled and skilled)
probably have been negatively affected by the growing
presence of China and India in world markets, while natural
resource and scientific knowledge intensive sectors have
probably benefited from China and India's growth since 1990.
Palabras clave
ADJUSTMENT ASSISTANCE, ADVERSE EFFECT, AGRICULTURE, APPAREL, APPAREL MANUFACTURE, BARRIERS TO TRADE, BENCHMARKS, BILATERAL TRADE, CENTRAL AMERICA, CENTRAL AMERICAN, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPARATIVE DISADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONSUMERS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMETRIC ESTIMATES, EQUIPMENT, EXPORT MARKETS, EXPORT PROSPECTS, EXPORT SHARES, EXPORT SUPPLY, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, FACTOR ENDOWMENTS, FACTORS OF PRODUCTION, FISHERIES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOREIGN TRADE, GAS, GDP, GLOBAL INTEGRATION, GLOBAL SHOCKS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, IMPORTS, INDUSTRY TRADE, INEQUALITY, INTERMEDIATE GOODS, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, IRON, LATIN AMERICAN, LIVESTOCK, MARKET SHARE, METAL PRODUCTS, NATURAL RESOURCES, NATURAL_ RESOURCES, NET EXPORTS, PATTERNS OF TRADE, PETROLEUM REFINERIES, PRODUCT MARKETS, PROTECTIONIST, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SCIENTIFIC_ KNOWLEDGE, SPECIALIZATION, STRUCTURAL CHANGE, TERMS OF TRADE, TEXTILES, TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY, TRADE DATA, TRADE INTENSITY, TRADE PATTERN, TRADE PATTERNS, TRADE STRUCTURE, TRADE VALUE, TRADE VALUES, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, VALUE _ ADDED, VALUE ADDED, WAGES, WOOD, WORLD MARKETS, WORLD TRADE