Workers' Age and the Impact of Trade Shocks
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Do trade shocks affect workers
differently because of their age? This paper examines the
issue by estimating the lifetime mobility of workers based
on the sectors in which they work. Using U.S. data, the
paper shows that mobility costs rise with a worker's
age and years of experience, but stay the same regardless of
his or her education level. In addition, using a
general-equilibrium simulation of counterfactual
trade-liberalization policies in the metal manufacturing
sector, the paper shows that trade shocks affect workers
with higher mobility costs more, for both winners and losers
of the policy shocks. But the effects taper off over a
worker's lifetime, especially when they are close to retirement.
Palabras clave
AFFECTED WORKERS, AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AGED WORKERS, AGRICULTURE, AVERAGE WAGE, AVERAGE WAGES, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CAREER, COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION, COLLEGE EDUCATION, COLLEGE GRADUATES, CONSUMER PRICE INDEX, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DISCOUNTED VALUE, DISSERTATION, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMETRICS, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMICS RESEARCH, EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT PROSPECTS, EQUATIONS, EQUILIBRIUM, ESTIMATED PARAMETER, ESTIMATED PARAMETERS, EXPECTED UTILITY, EXPECTED VALUE, EXPECTED VALUES, FINANCIAL CRISES, FIRM DYNAMICS, FREE TRADE, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODELS, GLOBAL TRADE, HIGH WAGES, HUMAN CAPITAL, IMPLICIT CONTRACTS, IMPORT COMPETITION, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INEXPERIENCED WORKERS, INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, JOB LOSS, JOB MATCH, JOB TURNOVER, JOBS, LABOR ADJUSTMENT, LABOR ALLOCATION, LABOR ALLOCATIONS, LABOR DEMAND, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS, LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, LABOR MOBILITY, LITERATURE, MACROECONOMIC SHOCKS, MACROECONOMICS, MARGINAL PRODUCT, MARKET EQUILIBRIUM, MOTIVATION, OCCUPATIONAL MOBILITY, OCCUPATIONS, OPEN ACCESS, OPEN ECONOMY, OPTIMIZATION, OUTPUTS, PAPERS, PERMANENT JOB, POLITICAL ECONOMY, PREVIOUS SECTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, REAL WAGE, REAL WAGES, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, RETAIL TRADE, RETIREMENT, SERVICE SECTOR, SKILLED LABOR, TRADE ACT, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE LABOR, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REFORMS, TRAINING COSTS, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNSKILLED LABOR, UNSKILLED WORKERS, UTILITY FUNCTION, UTILITY FUNCTIONS, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE INCREASES, WAGES, WORKER, WORKER HETEROGENEITY, WORKERS, WORLD TRADE, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, WTO, YOUNG WORKERS