Informality and Protection from Health Shocks : Lessons from Yemen

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dc.creatorCho, Yoonyoung
dc.date2012-03-19T18:03:42Z
dc.date2012-03-19T18:03:42Z
dc.date2011-08-01
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:09:44Z
dc.descriptionThe informal sector is generally believed to be more vulnerable to various risks due to limited access to social insurance, but little empirical evidence exists to support this statement. This paper examines the relationship between informality and protection from health risks in Yemen. The formal sector, when defined based on pension coverage, largely overlaps with public employment where the better educated, more experienced, and better informed tend to work. The results indicate that, even after accounting for socio-economic status, water supply and quality conditions, risky behavior patterns, and unobserved heterogeneity, formal sector households have better accessibility and affordability to health service. This may in part explain better health outcomes among formal households, although large heterogeneity across regions (urban/rural) exists. However, the role of the existing health insurance is found to be unclear. The findings reconfirm the importance of policies that promote universal access to health service and a risk pooling avenue delinked from employment types as well as healthy living conditions and lifestyles.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/main?menuPK=64187510&pagePK=64193027&piPK=64187937&theSitePK=523679&menuPK=64187510&searchMenuPK=64187283&siteName=WDS&entityID=000158349_20110801141040
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/3507
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-5746
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415719
dc.languageEnglish
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper ; no. WPS 5746
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectAGED
dc.subjectBREASTFEEDING
dc.subjectCAPITA HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCASUAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectCATASTROPHIC EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectCHILD BENEFIT
dc.subjectCHILD HEALTH
dc.subjectCONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS
dc.subjectDEATHS
dc.subjectDELIVERY OF HEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectDISABILITY BENEFITS
dc.subjectDISPLACED WORKERS
dc.subjectECONOMIC CRISIS
dc.subjectECONOMIC DOWNTURNS
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC REVIEW
dc.subjectEDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT STATUS
dc.subjectESTIMATED PROBABILITY
dc.subjectEXERCISES
dc.subjectEXTERNAL SHOCKS
dc.subjectFAMILIES
dc.subjectFOOD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHEALTH ECONOMICS
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHEALTH EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectHEALTH FINANCING
dc.subjectHEALTH INDICATORS
dc.subjectHEALTH INFORMATION
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectHEALTH INSURANCE SCHEME
dc.subjectHEALTH OUTCOMES
dc.subjectHEALTH PROFESSIONALS
dc.subjectHEALTH SECTOR
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE DELIVERY
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subjectHEALTH SERVICES
dc.subjectHEALTH SYSTEM
dc.subjectHOURLY WAGE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SIZE
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SURVEY
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD WELFARE
dc.subjectHUMAN CAPITAL
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectHUMAN RESOURCES
dc.subjectILLNESS
dc.subjectIMMUNIZATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINCOME DISTRIBUTION
dc.subjectINCOME HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectINCOME LOSS
dc.subjectINCOME LOSSES
dc.subjectINCOME RISKS
dc.subjectINFORMAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectINFORMAL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectINFORMAL SAFETY NETS
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR
dc.subjectINFORMAL SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subjectINFORMAL WORKERS
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINSURANCE COVERAGE
dc.subjectINSURANCE SYSTEM
dc.subjectJOB DURATION
dc.subjectJOB LOSS
dc.subjectJOB LOSSES
dc.subjectJOB SEARCH
dc.subjectJOB SEARCH PROCESS
dc.subjectJOBS
dc.subjectLABOR ECONOMICS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET INDICATORS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET OUTCOMES
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET SEGMENTATION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKETS
dc.subjectLABOR MOBILITY
dc.subjectLABOR OFFICE
dc.subjectLABOR ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectLABOR POLICY
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLABOUR
dc.subjectLABOUR RELATIONS
dc.subjectLACK OF HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectLAYOFF
dc.subjectLIMITED ACCESS
dc.subjectLIVING CONDITIONS
dc.subjectLOW INCOME
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC SHOCKS
dc.subjectMALNUTRITION
dc.subjectMARKET WAGE
dc.subjectMATERNAL MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectMEDICAL SERVICE
dc.subjectMOBILITY OF LABOR
dc.subjectMORBIDITY
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectNATIONAL HEALTH
dc.subjectNEEDS ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectNUMBER OF CHILDREN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOCCUPATION
dc.subjectOCCUPATIONS
dc.subjectPENSION
dc.subjectPENSIONS
dc.subjectPOCKET EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectPOCKET EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectPOCKET PAYMENT
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLIO
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY OBJECTIVE
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRIVATE TRANSFER
dc.subjectPRIVATE TRANSFERS
dc.subjectPROBABILITY
dc.subjectPUBLIC EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH
dc.subjectPUBLIC HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR JOBS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SECTOR WORKERS
dc.subjectPUBLIC TRANSFERS
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectRISK COPING
dc.subjectRISK POOLING
dc.subjectRURAL WORKERS
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYED
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYED WORKERS
dc.subjectSELF EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSELF PROTECTION
dc.subjectSELF-INSURANCE
dc.subjectSERVICE PROVIDER
dc.subjectSHADOW ECONOMIES
dc.subjectSHADOW ECONOMY
dc.subjectSHARE OF HEALTH EXPENDITURE
dc.subjectSHARE OF HEALTH SPENDING
dc.subjectSHOCK
dc.subjectSKILLED WORKERS
dc.subjectSMOKING
dc.subjectSOCIAL ASSISTANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSURANCE
dc.subjectSOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSOCIAL SECURITY
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTRANSFER INCOME
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTUBERCULOSIS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYED
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT BENEFITS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE
dc.subjectURBAN EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWAGE EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectWAGE GAP
dc.subjectWAGE PREMIUM
dc.subjectWAGE RATE
dc.subjectWAGE RATES
dc.subjectWAGE WORKER
dc.subjectWAGE WORKERS
dc.subjectWAR
dc.subjectWATER SUPPLY
dc.subjectWORK EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectWORKERS
dc.titleInformality and Protection from Health Shocks : Lessons from Yemen

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