Dzud Disaster Financing and Response in Mongolia
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The paper focuses on financing and
institutional arrangements for dzud. It seeks to encourage a
more coordinated, predictable, timely and targeted approach
to dzud on the part of both the Government of Mongolia (GoM)
and its development partners, based on an analysis of the
2009-2010 dzud response efforts. The paper also explores the
scope for a shift in emphasis from ex post response
triggered by wide scale loss of livestock to a system that
has sufficient ex ante resources and capabilities to support
much earlier interventions, thereby helping to avert high
levels of loss. The response efforts were insufficiently
timely as well, reflecting difficulties in predicting the
dzud's severity and, then, subsequent capacity and
funding constraints. In consequence, certain windows of
opportunity to alleviate potential impacts were missed.
Moreover, there was a strong bias towards support for the
livestock sector, particularly during the earlier stages of
the crisis, to the detriment of human needs. There was
limited loss of human life but even some of these losses
could have been averted. Meanwhile, the dzud response
efforts are unlikely to have prevented an increase in the
incidence of poverty.
Palabras clave
Dzud, Disaster risk management, Financing arrangements, Institutional framework, Assistance flows, Relief operation, Needs assessment, Targeting, Resilience to climate risk, Contingency funding, Social safety net, Insurance-based arrangements, Credit market, Public-private partnerships