India - Jharkhand : Addressing the Challenges of Inclusive Development
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Washington, DC
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This study on Jharkhand in India
addresses the challenges faced by that new state of India
(founded in November 2000) to surmount adverse initial
conditions of low average income, very high incidence of
poverty, and little social development. In addition, initial
health and education indicators in Jharkhand were also
markedly unfavorable in comparison to both the all-India
average and the major Indian states. The paper points out
that in order to put its fiscal house in order, the state
needs to introduce reforms for improving resource
mobilization, increasing cost effectiveness of expenditure
and rationalizing the budgetary processes. Improvement of
infrastructure is critically important, and once this has
occurred, this will lead to favorable pro-poor changes in
the labor market as well. Two opposite views of the
development debate are represented by the different degrees
of importance given to mining and agriculture. One view
contends that the development of the mining sector can usher
in a new decade of development in Jharkhand. The second view
is that the potential risks associated with the mining
sector are high and that agriculture has shown great
potential through impressive growth in recent years
contributing significantly to poverty reduction and human
resource development. Given the strengths and weaknesses of
the two options, the present study suggests a middle path,
aiming at an inter-temporal balance between the two
strategies. The paper stresses that social inclusion and
effective citizenship for all are desirable outcomes
everywhere, especially in Jharkhand with its sharp social
and regional divide. It concludes that political commitment
is needed to "make development happen" in the
shortest possible time.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION, AGRICULTURAL GROWTH, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES, ANTE-NATAL CARE, ANTI-POVERTY, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BEHAVIOR CHANGE, BIRTH RATE, BUS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD HEALTH CARE, CHILD NUTRITION, CITIZEN, CITIZENSHIP, CLINICS, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, COST EFFECTIVENESS, CROP DIVERSIFICATION, DEMOCRACY, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, DISTRIBUTION OF ACCESS, DRAINAGE, DRINKING WATER, DRIP IRRIGATION, DROUGHT, DRUGS, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EGS, ELDERLY, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, FAMILIES, FAMILY HEALTH, FARM GROWTH, FARM SECTOR, FARM SELF-EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE LITERACY, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREST COVER, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER PARITY, GENDER PARITY INDEX, GRAIN PRODUCTION, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO, GROUNDWATER, HEALTH CENTERS, HEALTH CENTRE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH MANAGEMENT, HEALTH SECTOR, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAY AUTHORITY, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HUMAN ASSETS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, HYGIENE, ILLNESS, IMMUNIZATION, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME INEQUALITY, INDIGENOUS PEOPLES, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFORMATION SYSTEM, INFORMED CONSENT, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, IRON, IRRIGATION, ISOLATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LAND ASSETS, LAND OWNERSHIP, LAND SIZE, LAND TENURE, LAND-USE PLANNING, LEGISLATORS, LEPROSY, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL ECONOMY, MALARIA, MALNUTRITION, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MARKETING, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE, MEASLES, MIDWIFE, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MODERNIZATION, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NURSE, OLD AGE, PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT, PENSIONS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PHARMACIES, PIERS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POOR, POOR INFRASTRUCTURE, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY HEAD, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY PROGRAMS, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY HEALTH SERVICES, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC SPENDING, PURCHASING POWER, QUALITY ASSURANCE, REMOTE AREAS, REMOTE DISTRICTS, RESOURCE MOBILIZATION, RESPECT, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD DEVELOPMENT, ROUTE, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ASSETS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, RURAL EMPLOYMENT, RURAL FARM, RURAL HEALTH, RURAL HOUSEHOLD, RURAL HOUSEHOLD INCOME, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL INCOME, RURAL INCOMES, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL POOR, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, RURAL ROAD, RURAL ROADS, RURAL SECTOR, RURAL SECTORS, RURAL URBAN POVERTY, SAFE WATER, SANITATION, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SKILLED ATTENDANTS, SKILLED BIRTH ATTENDANTS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EQUITY, SOCIAL MOBILIZATION, SOCIAL PROGRESS, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SECTOR, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TARGETING, TAX, TEACHER RATIO, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORTATION, TRUE, TUBERCULOSIS, UNMET DEMAND, URBAN AREAS, VACCINATION, VIOLENCE, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, WATER RESOURCES, WORKERS, WORKFORCE