Enhancing agency and empowerment in agricultural development projects: A synthesis of mixed methods impact evaluations from the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2)

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dc.creatorQuisumbing, Agnes R.
dc.creatorMeinzen-Dick, Ruth S.
dc.creatorMalapit, Hazel J.
dc.creatorSeymour, Greg
dc.creatorHeckert, Jessica
dc.creatorDoss, Cheryl
dc.creatorJohnson, Nancy L.
dc.creatorRubin, Deborah
dc.creatorRamani, Gayathri V.
dc.creatorMyers, Emily
dc.creatorvan Biljon, Chloe
dc.creatorMulema, Annet
dc.creatorHannan, Anika
dc.creatorGo, Ara
dc.creatorArgento, Federica
dc.creatorAhmed, Akhter
dc.creatorRoy, Shalini
dc.creatorSchreinemachers, Pepijn
dc.creatorde Brauw, Alan
dc.creatorKramer, Berber
dc.creatorMurphy, Mike
dc.creatorCrookston, Benjamin
dc.creatorGash, Megan
dc.creatorTheis, Sophie
dc.creatorBellemare, Marc
dc.creatorCasier, Bart
dc.creatorJames, Susan
dc.creatorKrause, Brooke
dc.creatorLardinois, Mathias
dc.creatorMcCarthy, Aine
dc.creatorGabrysch, Sabine
dc.creatorSinharoy, Sheela
dc.creatorWaid, Jillian
dc.creatorWendt, Amanda
dc.creatorGanaba, Rasmane
dc.creatorGelli, Aulo
dc.creatorMartinez, Elena M.
dc.creatorPedehombga, Abdoulaye
dc.creatorSanou, Armande
dc.creatorZougouri, Sita
dc.creatorAlonso, Silvia
dc.creatorGaliè, Alessandra
dc.creatorKakota, Tasokwa
dc.creatorLeroy, Jef L.
dc.creatorPalloni, Giordano
dc.creatorBryan, Elizabeth
dc.creatorMiah, Mamun
dc.creatorKumar, Neha
dc.creatorSiraj, Saiqa
dc.creatorAlemu, Mihret
dc.creatorBoonabaana, Brenda
dc.creatorMekonnen, Dawit Kelemework
dc.creatorKaaria, Susan
dc.creatorHillesland, Marya
dc.creatorMane, Erdgin
dc.creatorSlavchevska, Vanya
dc.creatorChoudhury, Avijit
dc.creatorKhetan, Madhu
dc.creatorRaghunathan, Kalyani
dc.creatorThai, Giang
dc.creatorGray, Bobbi
dc.creatorBenali, Marwan
dc.creatorJanzen, Sarah
dc.creatorJoshi, Neena
dc.creatorMagnan, Nicholas
dc.creatorPradhan, Rajendra
dc.creatorSharma, Sudhindra
dc.date2024-05
dc.date2025-01-28T20:48:40Z
dc.date2025-01-28T20:48:40Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T15:33:41Z
dc.descriptionDevelopment interventions increasingly include women’s empowerment and gender equality among their objectives, but evaluating their impact has been stymied by the lack of measures that are comparable across interventions. This paper synthesizes the findings of 11 mixed-methods impact evaluations of agricultural development projects from South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa that were part of the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2). As part of GAAP2, qualitative and quantitative data were used to develop and validate the multidimensional project-level Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (pro-WEAI), which was used to assess the impact of GAAP2 projects on women’s empowerment. This paper assesses the extent to which: (1) a two- to three-year agricultural development project can contribute to women’s empowerment; and (2) a suite of methods comprising a standardized quantitative measure of women’s empowerment and a set of qualitative protocols, can evaluate such impacts. Our synthesis finds that the most common positive significant impacts were on the instrumental and collective agency indicators that comprise pro-WEAI, owing to the group-based approaches used. We found few projects significantly improved intrinsic agency, even among those with explicitly stated objectives to change gender norms. Unsurprisingly, we find mixed, and mostly null impacts on aggregate pro-WEAI, with positive impacts more likely in the South Asian, rather than African, cases. Our results highlight the need for projects to design their strategies specifically for empowerment, rather than assume that projects aiming to reach and benefit women automatically empower them. Our study also shows the value of a suite of methods containing a common metric to compare empowerment impacts and qualitative protocols to understand and contextualize these impacts.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/170267
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/107849
dc.languageen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rightsOpen Access
dc.sourceQuisumbing, Agnes R.; Meinzen-Dick, Ruth S.; Seymour, Greg; Heckert, Jessica; Myers, Emily; and the GAAP2 for pro-WEAI Study Team. 2024. Enhancing agency and empowerment in agricultural development projects: A synthesis of mixed methods impact evaluations from the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2). Journal of Rural Studies 108(May 2024): 103295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2024.103295
dc.subjectagricultural development
dc.subjectgender equality
dc.subjectwomen’s empowerment
dc.subjectdata
dc.titleEnhancing agency and empowerment in agricultural development projects: A synthesis of mixed methods impact evaluations from the Gender, Agriculture, and Assets Project, Phase 2 (GAAP2)
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación sobre Políticas Alimentarias (IFPRI)