Reseña de "STATUS AND PROGRESS OF BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) FOLIAR DISEASES IN ARGENTINA"
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Instituto de Investigaciones de Sanidad Vegetal
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Leaf Spot Diseases of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are one of the most destructive diseases of this crop in Argentina. No single control measure is likely to be successful in controlling leaf spotting pathogens and a fully integrated system of disease management is more likely to achieve a long-term solution. Part of such a system could include biological control. The CIDEFI has been conducting an extensive investigation about biological control focusing on these diseases since 1990s. A step-wise screening system to select fungi with potential to control these diseases were initially developed. Aspergillus niger, Epicoccum purpurascens, Fusarium moniliforme var. anthophylium, Penicillium sp. and Bacillus sp. induced changes that included micelial growth inhibition, coiling, vacuolation, granulation and plasmolysis of hyphae. Bacillus and others spore-forming bacteria revealed interesting possibilities for biocontrol. Several Trichoderma spp. tested suppressed the diseases in vitro and under greenhouse conditions suggesting that the protective characteristics may be associated with the ability to compete for nutrients and for occupation of the infection court in the pre-penetration period. New projects recently initiated at CIDEFI aims strategies for consistent biological control implemented under field conditions. In this sense, several strains showed promising are currently being assessed in small scale field trails. The need for more integrative, multidisciplinary research on agricultural systems that will provide a deeper understanding of the conditions under which microbial biocontrol agents might be most productively applied are required.
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