Labor Market Returns to Early Childhood Stimulation : A 20-year Followup to an Experimental Intervention in Jamaica
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper finds large effects on the
earnings of participants from a randomized intervention that
gave psychosocial stimulation to stunted Jamaican toddlers
living in poverty. The intervention consisted of one-hour
weekly visits from community Jamaican health workers over a
2-year period that taught parenting skills and encouraged
mothers to interact and play with their children in ways
that would develop their children's cognitive and
personality skills. The authors re-interviewed the study
participants 20 years after the intervention. Stimulation
increased the average earnings of participants by 42
percent. Treatment group earnings caught up to the earnings
of a matched non-stunted comparison group. These findings
show that psychosocial stimulation early in childhood in
disadvantaged settings can have substantial effects on labor
market outcomes and reduce later life inequality.
Palabras clave
ACCOUNTING, ADJUSTMENT, AGING, ANXIETY, ARITHMETIC, ATTRITION, BIRTH ORDER, BIRTH WEIGHT, BRAIN, BRAIN RESEARCH, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, COGNITION, COGNITIVE ABILITY, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMPETENCE, CONDITIONING, CONTROL GROUPS, CRIME, CURRICULUM, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL, DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY, DISEASE, EARLY BRAIN DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EARLY CHILDHOOD INTERVENTIONS, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DOWNTURNS, ECONOMICS, EDUCATION SECTOR, EDUCATION VARIABLES, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, EMPLOYMENT, ENROLLMENT, ETHNIC GROUPS, EXAM, EXAMS, FAMILIES, FEMALES, GENDER, GENDER DIFFERENCE, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GIRLS, HEAD START, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EFFECTS, HEALTH WORKERS, HEIGHT FOR AGE, HOOKWORM, HUMAN CAPITAL, HYPERACTIVITY, INCOME, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFERENCE, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, INTUITION, INVENTORY, ISOLATION, LABOR ECONOMICS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR, LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT, LIVING CONDITIONS, MALNUTRITION, MEDICINE, MENTAL, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MORBIDITY, MORTALITY, MOTOR SKILLS, PARENTING, PEDIATRICS, PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT, PERSONALITY, PERSONALITY TRAITS, PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRODUCTIVITY, PSYCHOLOGY, QUALITY SCHOOLS, READING, RISK FACTORS, SCHOOLING, SEX, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL BEHAVIOR, TEACHING, THINKING, TREATMENT, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, YOUNG CHILDREN, stunting, randomized trial