From Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) to Low-Carbon Development in Agriculture. NAMAs as a Pathway at Country Level
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Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs) are voluntary country engagement proposals to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). They are a set of government prioritized actions aimed at reducing or limiting Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. They are expected to be the main vehicle for mitigation action in developing countries under a future climate agreement. NAMAs combine a set of actions that are necessary to facilitate the transition to low-carbon growth for different sectors of the economy, including agriculture and forestry. Of the 43 countries that proposed their NAMAs to the UNFCCC, 60 percent considered agriculture as way to reduce their GHG emissions. Most countries proposed mitigation in the forestry sector. The high occurrence of Agriculture Forestry and Other Land Uses (AFOLU) activities in NAMAs of least developing countries (LDC) is linked with both the socio-economic weight of the sector in LDCs and its high mitigation potential. T he current gap of support in AFOLU mitigation makes NAMAs the main expected implementation channel for these sectors. Therefore, the nationally appropriate mitigation actions mechanism referred to in the UNFCCC Cancun agreement should be designed in such a way as to take into account the specificities of these sectors. Currently a country has two options when developing NAMAs. The first is to proceed without waiting for the UNFCCC Guidelines, undertaking actions and negotiating financing di rectly with donors. The second is to move towards a comprehensive Low-Carbon Development Strategy (LCDS). Within the agriculture sector it translates either to: (i) switching directly from NAMAs to a set of AFOLU actions appraised, compared, prioritized, monitored and integrated in the sector policy and planning framework, seeking donor support through project implementation; or (ii) preparing the AFOLU component of a national LCDS. NAMAs are a promising instrument for boosting climate chan ge abatement policies and measures in developing countries. Since NAMAs should not be used to offset emissions in developed countries, as that is for credited projects or actions funded by the carbon market, the Monitoring-Reporting-Verification (MRV) of supported NAMAs does not need to be as stringent as the MRV for the carbon market projects.