Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in Pakistan
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Washington, DC
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In Pakistan, the deterioration of the
environment continues to harm livelihoods and health,
increasing the vulnerability of the nation's poor. It
has long been clear that lack of access to clean water and
sanitation facilities has a wide variety of impacts;
however, the data and evidence needed to verify the size of
the burden imposed on the people of Pakistan are limited. As
a result, investment in the water and sanitation sector
remains well below what is required to ensure for the
population a basic minimum of services. Indeed,
Pakistan's population is projected to grow by more than
2.9 percent a year, which means an additional 4.0 million
people each year who will require additional clean water and
sanitation facilities. The Water and Sanitation Program
undertook this study to conduct evidence based research to
help advocacy in the sanitation sector. The study aims to
empirically estimate the economic impacts of current poor
sanitation conditions in Pakistan as well as the economic
benefits of options for improved conditions. The
study's ultimate goal is to provide policy makers at
both national and local levels with evidence to justify
larger investments in improving the sanitation conditions in
the country. It also provides recommendations, again based
on empirical evidence, for effectively planning and
implementing sustainable sanitation and hygiene programs.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO WATER, ALTERNATIVE SANITATION, CLEAN WATER, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DIARRHEA, DISEASE INCIDENCE, DISSEMINATION, DOMESTIC WATER, DRINKING WATER, FLUSH TOILET, GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEPATITIS, HEPATITIS A, HUMAN EXCRETA, HUMAN WASTE, HYGIENE, HYGIENE BEHAVIOR, HYGIENE PRACTICES, ILLNESS, ILLNESSES, IMPACT ON HEALTH, INADEQUATE SANITATION, INCIDENCE OF DISEASES, LACK OF SANITATION, LATRINES, LEGAL STATUS, MALARIA, MORTALITY, MULTILATERAL ORGANIZATIONS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLICY, NATIONAL POLICY MAKERS, ORAL DISEASES, PERSONAL HYGIENE, POLIO, POLLUTION, POOR HYGIENE, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERING, PUBLIC UTILITIES, QUALITY OF WATER, RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SANITARY FACILITIES, SANITARY MANAGEMENT, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION INTERVENTIONS, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SERVICES, SEPTIC TANK, SEWAGE, SEWAGE COLLECTION, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS, SEWERAGE, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, STATUS OF SANITATION, SUSTAINABLE ACCESS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TOILET, TOILET FACILITIES, TOILETS, TYPHOID, URBAN POPULATION, VULNERABILITY, WASHING, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER COST, WATER POLLUTION, WATER SUPPLY, WATER TREATMENT