Nigeria Poverty : Environmental Linkages in the Natural Resource Sector - Empirical Evidence from Nigerian Case Studies with Policy Implications and Recommendations
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Washington, DC
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This study explores the international
development community's understanding of poverty and
illustrates how it is related to environmental degradation.
the study relies on three sources: a comprehensive general
literature review, a review of past donor interventions in
Nigeria, and original empirical evidence. The linkages found
between poverty and environmental degradation are based on
240 household surveys analyzed by income quintiles
investigated at two sites in Nigeria: the Hadejia-Nguru
Wetlands in the North and the Niger Delta in the South.
Lessons relating "Causality and Linkages" (Chapter
2) explore various perceptions of how poverty
"causes" environmental degradation, how
environmental degradation "causes" poverty, or how
other ofseting or reinforcing factors may influence the
linkages between poverty and environmental quality. The
empirical findings from the two study sites provide the
primary basis for subsequent policy recommendations. Chapter
3 outlines the site selection process, summarizes the
methods used, and provides detailed descriptive statistics
for the two sites. the chapter concludes with an
interpretation of key findings. Chapter 4 comences with a
general discussion of available policies and strategies,
including issues relating to self-sufficiency, precautionary
principle, and adaptive co-management.Specific recommended
strategies for Nigeria are based on the empirical findings
from the case studies. An agenda for incorporating these
strategies within ongoing Nigerian and donor initiatives
concludes this chapter.
Palabras clave
ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGIES, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION, CASE STUDIES, AGRICULTURAL INCOME, HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTIVITY, INCOME VARIABILITY, INCENTIVES, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENTS, SAVINGS BEHAVIOR, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, INCOME GENERATION, RESOURCES DEPLETION, SAFEGUARDS, DECENTRALIZATION IN MANAGEMENT, DIVERSIFICATION, LINKAGES, HUMAN CAPITAL, REINVESTMENTS AGGREGATE INCOME, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AVAILABLE DATA, AVERAGE ANNUAL, CAPITA GROWTH, CASE STUDIES, CASE STUDY, CITIZENS, COMMON PROPERTY, COMMUNITY LEVEL, CURRENCY UNIT, DATA COLLECTION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRY, DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, DIRECT IMPACT, DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS, DONOR COMMUNITY, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMICS, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL RESEARCH, EMPIRICAL RESULTS, EMPIRICAL WORK, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURES, EXPLOITATION, EXTERNAL SHOCKS, EXTERNALITIES, FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY, FISHERIES, FORESTRY, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH STATUS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCOME GENERATION, INCOME INDIVIDUALS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME QUINTILES, INCOME SHOCKS, INCOME SOURCES, INCOMES, INCREASED INEQUALITY, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, LAND USE, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL CONDITIONS, LOCAL LEVELS, LOW INCOME, MEAN INCOMES, MORTALITY, NATIONAL AVERAGE, NATIONAL ECONOMY, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES, NUTRITION, OIL, OVERGRAZING, PER CAPITA GROWTH, PERVERSE SUBSIDIES, POLICY CHOICES, POLICY DECISIONS, POLICY DESIGN, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, POLICY DIRECTIONS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS, POLICY OPTIONS, POLITICAL LEADERSHIP, POLLUTION, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVELS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY TRENDS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL, PRODUCTIVITY, PROPERTY RIGHTS, QUALITY CONTROL, RECYCLING, REDUCING POVERTY, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, RESOURCE USE, RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, RURAL APPRAISAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL ECONOMY, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POOR, RURAL POVERTY, SAMPLE HOUSEHOLDS, SAVINGS, SECONDARY SOURCES, SOCIAL CAPITAL, SOCIAL CONFLICT, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOIL PRODUCTIVITY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE USE, TACKLING POVERTY, TASK TEAM LEADER, TIMBER, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBANIZATION, WATER SUPPLY, WETLANDS