Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation of the Household Welfare Impacts of Conditional and Unconditional Cash Transfers Given to Mothers or Fathers
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This study conducted a randomized
control trial in rural Burkina Faso to estimate the impact
of alternative cash transfer delivery mechanisms on
education, health, and household welfare outcomes. The
two-year pilot program randomly distributed cash transfers
that were either conditional or unconditional and were given
to either mothers or fathers. Conditionality was linked to
older children enrolling in school and attending regularly
and younger children receiving preventive health check-ups.
Compared with the control group, cash transfers improve
children's education and health and household
socioeconomic conditions. For school enrollment and most
child health outcomes, conditional cash transfers outperform
unconditional cash transfers. Giving cash to mothers does
not lead to significantly better child health or education
outcomes, and there is evidence that money given to fathers
improves young children's health, particularly during
years of poor rainfall. Cash transfers to fathers also yield
relatively more household investment in livestock, cash
crops, and improved housing.
Palabras clave
EMPLOYMENT, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, RIGHTS, POVERTY LINE, FORMAL EDUCATION, PRODUCTION, PEOPLE, FOOD CONSUMPTION, INCOME, SCHOOLING, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, ENROLLMENT, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, SCHOOL AGE POPULATION, MORBIDITY, GROUPS, HEALTH EDUCATION, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, INFORMATION, PEDIATRICS, MONITORING, HEALTH CARE, NET ATTENDANCE RATIO, EDUCATION EXPENDITURES, EFFECTS, INCENTIVES, HEALTH, NATIONAL POVERTY, PSYCHOLOGISTS, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE POPULATION, MEASURES, GENDER BIAS, STUDENT PARTICIPATION, SAFETY NETS, POVERTY REDUCTION, KNOWLEDGE, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, COST EFFECTIVENESS, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, FOOD FOR EDUCATION, MATHEMATICS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, CASH CROPS, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, POOR FAMILIES, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, INTERVENTION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, EXTERNALITIES, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, ATTRITION, TRANSFERS, PRIMARY SCHOOLING, PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS, SCHOOL UNIFORMS, ORGANIZATIONS, LEARNING, STANDARDS, LABOR, PRIMARY SCHOOL, FARMERS, EPIDEMICS, MENTAL HEALTH, CASH TRANSFERS, MORTALITY, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, PRIMARY SCHOOLS, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, HUMAN CAPITAL, DROPOUT RATES, RURAL COMMUNITIES, ENROLLMENT RATES, SCIENCE, AGED, VALUES, SCHOOLS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, PARTICIPATION, VALUE, ENROLLMENT FOR BOYS, LEARNING OUTCOMES, FAMILY LABOR, ENROLLMENT DATA, HEALTH OUTCOMES, PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE, ENROLLMENT RATE, SAFETY NET, SCHOOL SUPPLIES, STRESS, HOUSEHOLD HEAD AGE, MALNUTRITION, RURAL, RECORDING ATTENDANCE, NUTRITION, HOUSEHOLD CHORES, INTRAHOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, ECONOMICS, EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES, SCHOOL FEEDING, RISK FACTORS, CHILD MORTALITY, WEIGHT, TARGETING, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, SUBSISTENCE FARMERS, CHILDREN, EDUCATION, CLINICS, INVESTMENT, CHILD EDUCATION, RISK, BIRTH HISTORY, POVERTY, FEEDING PROGRAMS, CRISES, BARGAINING, SUPPLY, BANKING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, LABOR SUPPLY, LAW, GIRLS, HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT, STUDENTS, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CHILD LABOR, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, INTERVENTIONS, POOR, STRATEGY, SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN, FEES, SIBLINGS, REGISTRATION, FAMILIES, WOMEN, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, OUTCOMES, CLASSROOMS, SAFETY, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, IMPLEMENTATION, PRICES, POVERTY ALLEVIATION, RETURNS TO EDUCATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, POOR HOUSEHOLDS