Women's Legal Rights over 50 Years : Progress, Stagnation or Regression?

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dc.creatorRusu, Anca Bogdana
dc.creatorHallward-Driemeier, Mary
dc.creatorHasan, Tazeen
dc.date2015-02-23T21:10:07Z
dc.date2015-02-23T21:10:07Z
dc.date2013-09
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:52:48Z
dc.descriptionUsing a newly compiled database of women's property rights and legal capacity covering 100 countries over 50 years, this paper analyzes the triggers and barriers to reform. The database documents gender gaps in the ability to access and own assets, to sign legal documents in one's own name, and to have equality or non-discrimination as a guiding principle of the country's constitution. Progress in reducing these constraints has been dramatic -- half of the constraints documented in the 1960s had been removed by 2010. However, some sticky areas persist where laws have not changed or have even regressed. The paper analyzes potential drivers of reforms. A significant finding is that the relationship with a country's level of development and the extent of its reforms is not straightforward. For the first half of the sample, there was no systematic connection; only in the last 25 years have increases in income been associated with higher probabilities for reform, but only in lower-income countries. With the remaining constraints as prevalent in middle- as low-income countries, increased growth is not necessarily going to spark additional reforms. Clearer patterns emerge from the momentum created by international conventions, such as the Committee to Eliminate All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), women's political representation at the national level, mobilization of women's networks, and increasing labor force participation in sectors that provide a voice for women, which are positive forces for change. Conversely, conflict and weak rule of law can entrench a discriminatory status quo. And much is at stake; strengthening women's legal rights is associated with important development outcomes that can benefit society as a whole.
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dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/09/18287629/women s-legal-rights-over-50-years-progress-stagnation-or-regression
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/21474
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6616
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/412368
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6616
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.subjectACCESS TO CAPITAL
dc.subjectACTIONS
dc.subjectACTS
dc.subjectADULT LITERACY
dc.subjectAGE OF MARRIAGE
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SECTOR
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICT
dc.subjectARMED CONFLICTS
dc.subjectBANK ACCOUNT
dc.subjectBANK ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectBIASES
dc.subjectBREADWINNER
dc.subjectCASE LAW
dc.subjectCHILD CARE
dc.subjectCITIZEN
dc.subjectCITIZENS
dc.subjectCITIZENSHIP
dc.subjectCIVIL LAW
dc.subjectCIVIL LAW SYSTEMS
dc.subjectCIVIL SOCIETY
dc.subjectCIVIL WAR
dc.subjectCODES
dc.subjectCOLLATERAL
dc.subjectCOMMON LAW
dc.subjectCONSTITUTIONAL COURT
dc.subjectCONSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectCORRUPTION
dc.subjectCOURT
dc.subjectCREDITOR
dc.subjectCRIME
dc.subjectCRIMINAL
dc.subjectCUSTOMARY LAW
dc.subjectCUSTOMARY LAWS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT FINANCE
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN
dc.subjectDISCRIMINATORY LAWS
dc.subjectDISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDIVORCE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC POLITICS
dc.subjectEARNINGS
dc.subjectECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC EQUALITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC RIGHTS
dc.subjectEDUCATION FOR GIRLS
dc.subjectELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectEMPLOYEE
dc.subjectEMPLOYERS
dc.subjectEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEMPOWERING WOMEN
dc.subjectEMPOWERMENT
dc.subjectENROLLMENT
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES
dc.subjectEQUAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectEQUAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectEQUAL TREATMENT
dc.subjectEQUALITY
dc.subjectEQUALITY BEFORE THE LAW
dc.subjectEQUALITY FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectFAMILY LAW
dc.subjectFAMILY LAWS
dc.subjectFEMALE
dc.subjectFEMALE LABOR FORCE
dc.subjectFEMALE POPULATION
dc.subjectFEMALES
dc.subjectFEMINIST
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SUPPORT
dc.subjectFIRST MARRIAGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN LAW
dc.subjectFORMS OF DISCRIMINATION
dc.subjectGENDER
dc.subjectGENDER ASSESSMENT
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENCES
dc.subjectGENDER DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectGENDER EQUALITY
dc.subjectGENDER GAP
dc.subjectGENDER GAPS
dc.subjectGENDER LAW
dc.subjectGENDER PARITY
dc.subjectGENDER RELATIONS
dc.subjectGENDER RIGHTS
dc.subjectGENDER] LAWS
dc.subjectGENDERS
dc.subjectGENOCIDE
dc.subjectGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROUP RIGHTS
dc.subjectHEAD OF HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectHEAD OF HOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHEADS OF HOUSEHOLD
dc.subjectHEALTH CARE
dc.subjectHOME
dc.subjectHOMES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD DUTIES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD FINANCES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD INCOME
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLDS
dc.subjectHUMAN RIGHTS
dc.subjectHUSBAND
dc.subjectHUSBANDS
dc.subjectIMPLEMENTATION OF LAWS
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINDIGENOUS POPULATIONS
dc.subjectINEQUALITIES
dc.subjectINEQUALITY
dc.subjectINFANT
dc.subjectINFANT HEALTH
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY
dc.subjectINFANT MORTALITY RATE
dc.subjectINHERITANCE
dc.subjectINHERITANCE RIGHTS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL LAW
dc.subjectINVESTMENT IN CHILDREN
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectLABOR LAWS
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLABOR SUPPLY
dc.subjectLAND OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectLAW REFORM
dc.subjectLAWS
dc.subjectLEGAL AGE
dc.subjectLEGAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectLEGAL CHANGE
dc.subjectLEGAL FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectLEGAL ISSUES
dc.subjectLEGAL PLURALISM
dc.subjectLEGAL REFORMS
dc.subjectLEGAL REQUIREMENT
dc.subjectLEGAL RIGHTS
dc.subjectLEGAL STATUS
dc.subjectLEGAL SYSTEMS
dc.subjectLEGISLATION
dc.subjectLEGISLATORS
dc.subjectLEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectLIFE EXPECTANCY
dc.subjectLIMITED ACCESS
dc.subjectLITERACY
dc.subjectLITIGATION
dc.subjectLIVE BIRTHS
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMALARIA
dc.subjectMALE HEIRS
dc.subjectMALNOURISHED CHILDREN
dc.subjectMARITAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectMARRIAGES
dc.subjectMARRIED COUPLES
dc.subjectMARRIED MAN
dc.subjectMARRIED WOMAN
dc.subjectMATERNITY LEAVE
dc.subjectMINORITY
dc.subjectMINORITY COMMUNITIES
dc.subjectMOBILIZATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectMORTALITY
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVEL
dc.subjectNATIONAL LEVELS
dc.subjectNATIONAL SECURITY
dc.subjectNATIONALS
dc.subjectNATURAL RESOURCES
dc.subjectNEWBORN
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectOFFENDERS
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN
dc.subjectOWNERSHIP RIGHTS
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARY SEATS
dc.subjectPARLIAMENTARY UNION
dc.subjectPARTICIPATION OF WOMEN
dc.subjectPEACE
dc.subjectPERSONAL PROPERTY
dc.subjectPERSONAL STATUS
dc.subjectPERSONAL STATUS LAWS
dc.subjectPOLICY DISCUSSIONS
dc.subjectPOLICY MAKERS
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH
dc.subjectPOLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER
dc.subjectPOLITICAL LEADERSHIP
dc.subjectPOLITICAL PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectPOLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES
dc.subjectPOLYGAMY
dc.subjectPOST CONFLICT RECONSTRUCTION
dc.subjectPRIMARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectPRIMARY SCHOOL
dc.subjectPRIOR TO MARRIAGE
dc.subjectPROGRESS
dc.subjectPROPERTY OWNERSHIP
dc.subjectPROPERTY RIGHTS
dc.subjectPUBLIC SERVICES
dc.subjectREAL ESTATE
dc.subjectRELIGIOUS LAW
dc.subjectRELIGIOUS SYSTEMS
dc.subjectRESPECT
dc.subjectROLE MODELS
dc.subjectROLE OF WOMEN
dc.subjectROMAN LAW
dc.subjectRULE OF LAW
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSANCTION
dc.subjectSECONDARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectSELF-EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectSEX
dc.subjectSHADOW REPORT
dc.subjectSHADOW REPORTS
dc.subjectSINGLE WOMEN
dc.subjectSLUM DWELLERS
dc.subjectSOCIAL NORMS
dc.subjectSPOUSE
dc.subjectSPOUSES
dc.subjectSTATE LAW
dc.subjectTERTIARY EDUCATION
dc.subjectTERTIARY LEVEL
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL PRACTICES
dc.subjectTREATIES
dc.subjectTREATY
dc.subjectUNMARRIED MEN
dc.subjectUNMARRIED WOMEN
dc.subjectVILLAGE
dc.subjectVIRTUAL LIBRARIES
dc.subjectWAGE DIFFERENTIALS
dc.subjectWIFE
dc.subjectWILL
dc.subjectWIVES
dc.subjectWOMEN IN PARLIAMENT
dc.subjectWOMEN LAWYERS
dc.subjectWOMEN'S ISSUES
dc.subjectWORLD CONFERENCE
dc.subjectWORLD CONFERENCE ON WOMEN
dc.subjectYOUNG ADULT
dc.subjectYOUNG WOMEN
dc.titleWomen's Legal Rights over 50 Years : Progress, Stagnation or Regression?

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