Who Benefited from Burundi's Demobilization Program?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This paper assesses the impact of the
demobilization, reinsertion and reintegration program in
post-war Burundi. Two major rebel groups benefited from cash
and in-kind transfers, the CNDD-FDD from 2004, and the FNL
from 2010. A panel data of households collected in 2006 and
2010 is combined with official records from the National
Commission for Demobilization, Reinsertion and
Reintegration. Regression analysis shows that the cash
payments received by FNL demobilized households had a
positive impact on consumption, nonfood spending and
investments. The program also generated positive spillovers
in the villages where FNL combatants returned. Ex-combatants
indeed spent a large part of their allowance on consumption
goods and clothing, thereby generating a short-run economic
boom in villages. However, the long-run evolution of
consumption indicators is negative for CNDD-FDD households,
as well as for villages where CNDD-FDD combatants returned,
suggesting that the direct impact and the spillovers of the
program vanished in the long run.
Palabras clave
ECONOMIC BOOM, DEMOBILIZED SOLDIERS, LIVING STANDARDS, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, TRANSITION FROM WAR TO PEACE, MULTIPLIERS, POOR DATA, INCOME, INTEREST, CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR, COMBATANTS, INCOME CHANGES, DISCOUNT RATE, LIQUIDITY, ELASTICITY, POLITICAL ECONOMY, CONSTRAINTS, WELFARE, CURRENT CONSUMPTION, MEASUREMENT ERRORS, ECONOMIC POLICY, LABOR ECONOMICS, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, VARIABLES, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, SOLDIERS, PAYMENTS, WEALTH, INDEPENDENCE, CONFLICT, INTERNATIONAL BANK, EMPIRICAL LITERATURE, TRENDS, REBELS, COUNTERPARTS, DEVELOPMENT, EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS, SMALL BUSINESS, ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVES, POSITIVE IMPACT, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, MONEY, WEAPONS, EX-REBEL, DATA QUALITY, TOTAL CONSUMPTION, ECONOMETRICS, EXTERNALITIES, FUTURE CONSUMPTION, VIOLENCE, CRITERIA, WORLD DEVELOPMENT, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, PRODUCT, POLITICAL LIBERALIZATION, ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS, EX-COMBATANTS, UTILITY, HOUSEHOLD WEALTH, GRANTS, ECONOMIC RESEARCH, EX-REBELS, INCOME DATA, ARMAMENT, GRANT, CONSUMPTION, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM, BERTRAND COMPETITION, ELECTIONS, GOOD, EX- COMBATANTS, ECONOMIC OUTCOMES, ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS, FOUNDATIONS, POLICE, FUTURE, VALUE, REBEL, PATERNALISM, CREDIT, DEMAND, ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION, CONSUMPTION GOODS, CONSUMPTION MEASURE, EX-COMBATANT, LEVELS OF CONSUMPTION, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, DEMOBILIZATION, AGRICULTURE, ECONOMY, DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS, NATION, AGGREGATE CONSUMPTION, MEASUREMENT, HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, ASSETS, BENCHMARK, ECONOMIC THEORY, ECONOMIC SITUATION, ECONOMICS, REGRESSION ANALYSIS, CONSTANT PRICES, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, DATA SET, GDP, GOODS, THEORY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, WAR, HOUSEHOLDS, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, AVERAGE ANNUAL, DISARMAMENT, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, PRIVATE CONSUMPTION, UNIVERSITY, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, SOCIAL REINTEGRATION, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, POLICY RESEARCH, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, CIVIL WAR, AGREEMENT, LEVEL OF CONSUMPTION, RECONCILIATION, CONSUMPTION LEVELS, OUTCOMES, PUBLIC GOOD, PEACE, PRICES, RECONSTRUCTION, ECONOMIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY