The Future of Water in African Cities : Why Waste Water? Integrated Urban Water Management, Background Report
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The primary objective of this report is
to provide a coherent and comprehensive review on integrated
urban water management (IUWM) approach to assist public
authorities to identify and address the future challenges of
urban water supply, sanitation and flood management in
African cities. This report presents the existing and future
challenges in Africa, the possible options for innovative
technologies and approaches for their breakthrough and a way
forward to achieve the objectives of IUWM. It highlights
technical and institutional constraints of the IUWM in
Africa. It presents the global and African best practices
and trends in IUWM which are linked to urban development and
which have very good lessons learnt that can be shared
within and among the cities in Africa. The report consists
of four chapters. Chapter two reviews the existing
condition, future challenges and opportunities in Urban
Water Sector (UWS) in Africa. The review covers the current
situation of urban water systems and their management
approaches; the major future change pressures (climate
change, population growth and urbanization, deterioration of
infrastructure systems) and their impacts on UWS; and
opportunities for implementing the IUWM approach in Africa.
Chapter three introduces the key concepts and conceptual
framework of IUWM. The framework has been supplemented by
appropriate technologies and innovative approaches of IUWM
that will be suitable for cities in Africa. This chapter
also presents the global experiences and best practices of
IUWM that can be shared within the Africa cities. Chapter
four presents case studies to demonstrate how the IUWM
framework can be operationalized and to select the
appropriate technologies and approaches as discussed in
chapter 3 based on the different typologies of the cities
and development stages in Africa. The typologies include an
emerging town in Uganda (Masindi), a city with partially
developed infrastructure in Ghana (Accra) and fully
developed city in South Africa (Cape Town). Based on the
cases, a few recommendations (road map) for the
implementation of IUWM approach for other cities in Africa
have been presented in chapter four.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO BASIC WATER SERVICES, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACCESS TO WATER, ACCESS TO WATER SUPPLY, ADEQUATE WATER, AQUATIC ECOLOGY, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, AVAILABLE WATER, BASIC SANITATION, BASIC WATER SUPPLY, BASINS, CANALS, CAPACITY BUILDING, CATCHMENT, CITY COUNCIL, CIVIL SOCIETY, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CLEAN WATER, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGES, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION, CONTAMINANTS, CONTINUITY OF SERVICE, COST RECOVERY, COST SAVINGS, DECISION MAKERS, DECISION MAKING, DECISION MAKING PROCESS, DEMAND FOR WATER, DESALINATION, DETERIORATION OF INFRASTRUCTURE, DEVELOPMENT OF WATER SUPPLY, DISCHARGE, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM, DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, DOMESTIC USERS, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE PIPES, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, DRINKING WATER SUPPLY, DROUGHT, EFFLUENT, EFFLUENTS, ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY, FLOOD CONTROL, FLOOD MANAGEMENT, FLOOD PROTECTION, FLOOD RISK, FLOODING, FOOD PRODUCTION, FRESH WATER, FRESHWATER, GOVERNANCE ARRANGEMENTS, GRAVITY, GREYWATER, GROUND WATER, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER SOURCES, HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS, INVESTMENT COST, IRRIGATION, IRRIGATION PURPOSES, LAND USE, LEAKAGE, LOCAL WATER, MANAGEMENT OF AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, MONITORING PROGRAM, MUNICIPAL USES, MUNICIPAL WATER, MUNICIPAL WATER SUPPLY, MUNICIPALITIES, NATURAL WATER RESOURCES, NUTRIENTS, ORGANIC MATTER, OXIDATION, PIPE, PIPES, PIT LATRINES, POLLUTION, POOR WATER QUALITY, POPULATION GROWTH, POTABLE WATER, PRESSURE, PRIVATE SECTOR OPERATORS, PROCESS EFFICIENCY, PROVISION OF WATER, PROVISION OF WATER SUPPLY, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC UTILITIES, PUMPING, QUALITY OF WATER, QUALITY STANDARDS, QUALITY WATER, QUANTITY OF WATER, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAINWATER, RAINWATER HARVESTING, RECLAIMED WATER, RECYCLED WATER, RECYCLING, RESERVOIRS, REVERSE OSMOSIS, RIVER BASIN, RIVER MANAGEMENT, RUNOFF, SAFE DRINKING WATER, SAFE WATER, SANITATION COVERAGE, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION INFRASTRUCTURE, SANITATION SERVICE, SANITATION SERVICES, SANITATION SOLUTIONS, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SANITATION WATER, SANITATION WATER SUPPLY, SCARCE WATER, SEPTIC TANKS, SERVICE PROVISION, SEWAGE SYSTEMS, SEWERAGE SERVICE, SEWERAGE SERVICES, SEWERAGE SYSTEM, SEWERAGE SYSTEMS, SILT DEPOSITION, SLUMS, SMALL ENTERPRISES, SMALL TOWNS, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE COLLECTION, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, SOLID WASTES, SOURCES OF WATER, STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION, STORM WATER, STORMWATER, SUSTAINABLE USE, TAP WATER, TARIFF POLICIES, TOILETS, TOWN, TOWNS, TREATMENT PLANTS, TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, URBAN AREA, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN WATER, URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT, URBAN WATER SUPPLY, URBAN WATER SYSTEM, URBAN WATER SYSTEMS, URBAN WATERSHED, USE OF WATER, UTILITIES, UTILITY MANAGEMENT, WASHING, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE STREAMS, WASTE WATER, WASTEWATER, WASTEWATER COLLECTION, WASTEWATER SERVICES, WASTEWATER SYSTEMS, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, WATER AVAILABILITY, WATER BODIES, WATER COMPANY, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER CONSUMPTION, WATER CYCLE, WATER CYCLE MANAGEMENT, WATER DEMAND, WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT, WATER DISTRIBUTION, WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, WATER DRAINAGE, WATER FLOWS, WATER INFRASTRUCTURE, WATER LOSSES, WATER NEEDS, WATER OPERATORS, WATER QUALITY, WATER RECLAMATION, WATER RECYCLING, WATER REQUIREMENTS, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER REUSE, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SECTOR, WATER SERVICES, WATER SHORTAGE, WATER SOURCES, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY SERVICES, WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM, WATER SYSTEM, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER USE, WATER USERS, WATER USES, WATER UTILITIES, WATER UTILITY, WATERS