River cane and water hyacinth in the Orontes River
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This publication is a technical report and the result of an intensive study conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in The Syrian Arab Republic, involving several experts specializing in water, soil, plants, livestock, and remote sensing. The study aims to assess the heavy growth of water hyacinth and river cane along the Orontes River in the governorates of Homs and Hama. This is to determine the geographical spread of each species and identify the most affected locations. This publication is useful for technical experts in the Near East and North Africa region who accsess the report online (via FAO websites) to benefit from the study's methodolegy and findings. The methodology of the study included a comprehensive literature review, field investigations and the use of remote sensing tools to detect the spread and monitor the growth patterns of these plants in the invaded areas. Analysis revealed high socio-economic and environmental risks posed by the invasive species in the Orontes water basin, which is the most important water basin in the central region of The Syrian Arab Republic. A further remote sensing study indicated that river cane and water hyacinth have also invaded other water basins in The Syrian Arab Republic, including the Barada and Al-Awaj basins. Several workshops and technical meetings were held to discuss the results with relevant ministries and involved parties and suggest possible control methods for the Orontes basin. Mechanical and biological control methods were considered as viable approaches by all parties. The development of an integrated management plan was proposed for controlling the spread of water hyacinth and river cane, taking into account eco-friendly disposal of the removed biomass, feasibility of control methods, and a monitoring plan throughout all stages of the treatment process.It was agreed that water hyacinth and river cane have invaded not only the target area but other water basins as well. Using single solutions has proven ineffective in limiting the rapid growth of both plant species. In contrast, combining the impacts of several approved control methods has the potential to shape an integrated, effective, and sustainable management plan.