The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership : Trade in Services as an Alternative to Migration?

Hoekman, Bernard; Ozden, Caglar

The Euro-Mediterranean Partnership : Trade in Services as an Alternative to Migration?

Autores

Descripción

This paper discusses options to facilitate movement of workers between high-income and developing countries within the framework of trade agreements, focusing on the European Union s partnership agreements with neighboring countries. Existing frameworks for cooperation offer the possibility of expanding temporary rather than longer-term or permanent movement of workers since extant trade agreements provide scope for negotiating specific market access commitments for services, including those delivered through the cross-border movement of natural persons. Even though the potential for such "embodied" trade in services will not be anywhere near what would be associated with substantial liberalization of migration regimes, furthering the services trade dimension in the European Union s ¬trade agreements offers significant potential Pareto gains. For the partner countries these gains from temporary movement of service providers are both direct - through greater employment in/revenue from providing services in the European Union - and indirect - by helping to increase and sustain higher growth at home.

Palabras clave

ACCOUNTING, ADULT EDUCATION, ADVERSE SELECTION, AGE GROUP, ARCHITECTURE, AUDITORS, BASIC RIGHTS, BENEFITS OF MIGRATION, BRAIN DRAIN, CENSUSES, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CLERKS, COMMUNITIES, CONTRACT ENFORCEMENT, CURRENT POPULATION, DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES, DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURES, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DISCRIMINATION, DISMISSAL, ECONOMIC ANALYSIS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INTEGRATION, ECONOMIC NEEDS, ECONOMIC POLICIES, ECONOMIC TRANSITION, EDUCATED MIGRANTS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, ELDERLY, EMPLOYMENT, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH, EMPLOYMENT GROWTH RATES, ENTRY COSTS, EXTENDED FAMILIES, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATES, FOREIGN LABOR, FOREIGN WORKERS, FREE TRADE, FUTURE LABOR, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH INSURANCE, HOME COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRY, HUMAN CAPITAL, ILLEGAL ENTRY, ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, INCOME, INNOVATION, INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRANTS, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INVESTIGATION, JOBS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET NEEDS, LABOR MARKET VARIABLES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR MIGRATION, LABOR MOBILITY, LABOR MOVEMENT, LABOR SHORTAGE, LABOR SHORTAGES, LABOUR, LABOUR MOVEMENT, LABOUR STUDIES, LAWS, LEGISLATORS, MEDICAL SERVICES, MIDWIFE, MIGRANT, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES, MIGRATION, MIGRATION FLOWS, MIGRATION POLICIES, MIGRATION POLICY, MINIMUM WAGE, MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, MULTINATIONAL, NATIONAL POLICIES, NATIONALS, NATIVE POPULATION, NATIVES, NEIGHBORHOOD, NEWS AGENCY, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, OCCUPATIONS, OLDER PEOPLE, PENSION PLANS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL INSTABILITY, POLITICAL REALITIES, POPULATION DISTRIBUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE, PROGRESS, PUBLIC OPINION, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, REPATRIATION, RESPECT, RETIREMENT, RETURNEES, RISING DEMAND, SERVICE PROVIDER, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE SECTORS, SKILL LEVEL, SKILLED PERSONS, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SUPPLIERS, TEMPORARY MIGRATION, TEMPORARY WORKER, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TRADE LIBERALIZATION, TREATY, UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION, URBAN PLANNING, VICTIMS, WORKER, WORKING CONDITIONS, WORLD POPULATION, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUNGER WORKERS