Review, Estimation and Analysis of Agricultural Subsidies in Mongolia
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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With global food crises and food price volatility in recent years, agricultural subsidies have once
again gained prominence as a policy instrument in many developing countries. In Mongolia too,
subsidies to the agriculture sector mainly through government budgetary transfers, have
increased over time. These gained prominence in 2008 when a global, regional (the drought in
Russia, and Kazakhstan, the two main suppliers to Mongolia), and the national food production
shortfall sent domestic wheat prices soaring to record levels. Wheat production had reached an
all-time low during the years 2005 to 2007. Consequently, subsidies to crop, livestock, and agroprocessing
sectors have increased since 2008, and now represent a complex set of programs,
sometimes with conflicting and overlapping goals and intended beneficiaries.
Palabras clave
INTENSIVE LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, POULTRY, VETERINARY SERVICES, LIVE ANIMALS, GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES, WOOL PROCESSING, LIVESTOCK BREEDING, WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION, PRODUCTION, MILL, LIVESTOCK HERDERS, PEST CONTROL, MILK, INCOME, INTEREST, HERDERS, FOOD PROCESSING INDUSTRY, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, WOOL, INTEREST RATE, EXPORTS, ANIMALS, LIVESTOCK STRATEGY, WELFARE, BONDS, DAIRY, INCENTIVES, SUBSIDIZATION, BREEDING ANIMAL, POULTRY MEAT, SHEEP HERDERS, SUBSIDY, INPUTS, PIGGERY, PAYMENTS, WEALTH, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, LIVESTOCK MANAGEMENT, TRENDS, POVERTY REDUCTION, HERDS, DEVELOPMENT, ANIMAL HEALTH, ECONOMIC INEFFICIENCY, ARABLE LAND, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, COSTS, DAIRY FARMING, PASTURE MANAGEMENT, SHEEP, ECONOMIC COOPERATION, EXCHANGE RATES, LIVESTOCK HEALTH, LIVESTOCK NUMBERS, PRODUCTIVITY, FAILURES, IMPERFECT COMPETITION, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS, CRITERIA, WTO, INFLATION RATE, LIVESTOCK MARKET, LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS, SAFE FOOD, LIVESTOCK, TRADE POLICY, PRICE SUBSIDIES, SLAUGHTERING, LIVESTOCK OUTPUT, NATURAL RESOURCES, AVERAGING, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, FOOD PRODUCTS, FODDER CROPS, SUBSIDIES, WOOL MARKET, TAXES, DISEASE OUTBREAKS, DAIRY PRODUCTS, BEEF, CONSUMPTION, LIVESTOCK FARMING, VALUE ADDED, OPPORTUNITY COST, ECONOMIC SURVEYS, FOOD SECURITY, LIVESTOCK SECTOR, LIVESTOCK ACTIVITIES, WOOL PRODUCTION, VALUE, COMPETITIVENESS, ANIMAL HERDS, BUDGETARY SUPPORT, LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT, CREDIT, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, MEAT SECTOR, INEFFICIENCY, LIVESTOCK PRODUCT, AGRICULTURE, CAMELS, CONSUMERS, NATIONAL LIVESTOCK STRATEGY, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, CATTLE, MEASUREMENT, VETERINARY SERVICE, FODDER, LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT POLICY, LIVESTOCK SECTORS, EGGS, VETERINARY, FOOD, MEAT PROCESSING, MILK PRODUCERS, INFLATION RATES, SHEEP WOOL, COTTON, VACCINES, TAXATION, HORSES, TRADE, GOVERNMENT BONDS, FOREIGN COMPETITION, GDP, HORSE, GOODS, THEORY, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, GOVERNMENT SUBSIDIES, INVESTMENT, FARM, BREEDING, MEAT, FARM ORGANIZATIONS, FEED, ANIMAL, FARM MACHINERY, LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY, UNDERESTIMATES, PASTURES, PIG, NATIONAL LIVESTOCK, GOATS, FINANCIAL SECTOR, LIVESTOCK COMMODITIES, PRICE SUBSIDY, PRICES, ECONOMIC STATISTICS, FOOD INDUSTRY, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, COMPETITION