Financing Water Supply and Sanitation Investments : Utilizing Risk Mitigation Instruments to Bridge the Financing Gap

Raymond, Peter; Baietti, Aldo

Financing Water Supply and Sanitation Investments : Utilizing Risk Mitigation Instruments to Bridge the Financing Gap

Autores

Raymond, Peter

Baietti, Aldo

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

Water supply is essential for growth, as well as for social well-being. It is probably the most difficult of all infrastructure services to substitute, and its absence or deficiency represents a particular burden on the poor. In the developing world, 2 out of every 10 people lack access to a safe water supply, and 5 out of 10 have inadequate sanitation. This means that worldwide, more than 1.1 billion people do not have access to safe drinking water, and roughly 2.4 billion are without adequate sanitation. Yet even these estimates understate the extent of the access gap. Service is poor, even in many countries that have water supply systems. For many consumers, piped water is often intermittent, and, when available, it is unsafe for drinking. In addition, sanitation facilities are often inadequate, overloaded, in disrepair, or unused. To improve the situation, the World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 specified the targets of the Millennium Development Goals, which aim to reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation by 2015. Success in this would mean providing an additional 1.5 billion people with access to safe and reliable water and about 2 billion people with basic sanitation services.

Palabras clave

ACCOUNTING, AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK, BANK GUARANTEES, BONDS, BORROWING, CAPITAL FLOWS, CAPITAL MARKETS, CAPITALS, CASH FLOWS, CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS, CLEARANCE, CONSTITUENCIES, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, COUNTERPARTY, CREDIT RISK, CURRENCY DEVALUATION, DEBT, DECENTRALIZATION, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT, DOMESTIC FINANCING, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMICS, EFFECTIVE DEMAND, EFFECTIVE USE, EMERGING MARKETS, EQUITY PARTICIPATION, EUROPEAN INVESTMENT BANK, EXCHANGE RATE, EXCHANGE RATES, FINANCIAL CONDITION, FINANCIAL CRISES, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL FLOWS, FINANCIAL MARKET, FINANCIAL MARKET DEVELOPMENT, FINANCIAL MARKETS, FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL RISK, FINANCIAL STABILITY, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FINANCING GAP, FINANCING SOURCES, FISCAL CONDITIONS, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES, INSURANCE, INSURERS, INTERNATIONAL BANKS, INTERNATIONAL FINANCE, INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK, LIQUIDITY, LOCAL CURRENCY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MATURITIES, MICROFINANCE, MULTILATERAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, MUNICIPAL FINANCE, MUNICIPALITIES, OPERATING COSTS, PEER REVIEW, PRIVATE FINANCING, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC FINANCE, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RURAL COMMUNITIES, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SERVICE PROVISION, SEWAGE, SOVEREIGN RISK, SOVEREIGN RISK RATINGS, STREAMS, SUBSIDIARY, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FINANCING, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, WATER SUPPLY