World Food Prices and Human Development: Policy Simulations for Archetype Low-Income Countries

Vista sencilla de ítem
dc.creatorLofgren, Hans
dc.date2012-04-27T07:44:10Z
dc.date2012-04-27T07:44:10Z
dc.date2012-04
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:59:18Z
dc.descriptionIn recent years, world food prices have increased and fluctuated widely. This paper explores the impact of international food prices and domestic policies on Millennium Development Goal (MDG) and macro indicators for two archetype low-income countries, a net food exporter and a net food importer, using Maquette for MDG Simulations (MAMS), a Computable General Equilibrium model. The simulations, which cover the period 2011-2025, indicate that the size of positive (negative) effects on macro and MDG indicators of a food export (import) price increase depend on the initial gross domestic product share for food exports (imports), leaving countries that are heavily involved in international food trade more exposed to international shocks. Given relatively low elasticity estimates, the impact of changes in food prices on undernourishment are relatively marginal. Flexible responses (in terms of production shares, whether output is exported or sold at home, and whether domestic demanders buy imports or domestic output) enable countries to benefit from or be less hurt by price changes. The case for policy responses to higher import prices is stronger for the net food importer. An untargeted food subsidy, financed by taxes or spending cuts, reduces undernourishment at the cost of a slight deterioration for most other indicators. By contrast, aid-financed food subsidies neutralize the negative impact of higher import prices whereas financing via domestic borrowing is counterproductive, leading to a deterioration across all indicators. If administered at moderate costs, tax-financed targeted transfers more effectively reduce headcount poverty and inequality with macroeconomic repercussions similar to those of tax-financed subsidies.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/04/16219124/world-food-prices-human-development-policy-simulations-archetype-low-income-countries
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/6035
dc.identifier10.1596/1813-9450-6033
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/413915
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper ; No. 6033
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCOUNTING
dc.subjectACCUMULATION OF CAPITAL
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS
dc.subjectBALANCE OF PAYMENTS DEFICIT
dc.subjectBANK POLICY
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINT
dc.subjectBUDGET CONSTRAINTS
dc.subjectCAPITAL ACCUMULATION
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCK
dc.subjectCAPITAL STOCKS
dc.subjectCHECKS
dc.subjectCHILD LABOR
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY MARKETS
dc.subjectCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION BASKETS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION DECISIONS
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION GROWTH
dc.subjectCONSUMPTION SMOOTHING
dc.subjectCROSS-COUNTRY STUDIES
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT
dc.subjectDATA AVAILABILITY
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEBT STOCK
dc.subjectDEBT STOCKS
dc.subjectDEMAND CURVES
dc.subjectDEMAND FOR FOOD
dc.subjectDEPRECIATION
dc.subjectDEPRECIATION RATE
dc.subjectDEPRECIATION RATES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING ECONOMY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDOMESTIC BORROWING
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEBTS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC DEMAND
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectDOWNWARD PRESSURE
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS
dc.subjectECONOMETRIC EVIDENCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC GROWTH
dc.subjectECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectECONOMIC POLICY
dc.subjectECONOMIC SYSTEMS
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXISTING GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORT SHARE
dc.subjectEXPORTER
dc.subjectEXPORTERS
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectFACTOR DEMAND
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKET
dc.subjectFACTOR MARKETS
dc.subjectFACTORS OF PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFIXED INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFIXED SHARE
dc.subjectFIXED SHARES
dc.subjectFOOD CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFOOD DEMAND
dc.subjectFOOD EXPORT
dc.subjectFOOD EXPORTS
dc.subjectFOOD IMPORTS
dc.subjectFOOD INDUSTRY
dc.subjectFOOD OUTPUT
dc.subjectFOOD PRICE
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTS
dc.subjectFOOD SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectFOOD SUBSIDY
dc.subjectFOOD SUPPLY
dc.subjectFOREIGN CURRENCY
dc.subjectFOREIGN DEBT
dc.subjectFOREIGN DEBTS
dc.subjectFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE
dc.subjectFOREIGN EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectFOREIGN GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectFOREIGN INTEREST
dc.subjectFULL EMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectFUNCTIONAL FORMS
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
dc.subjectGENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL
dc.subjectGINI COEFFICIENT
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT ACTIONS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BORROWING
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT DEBT
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT FINANCING
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT INVESTMENT
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT SPENDING
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH RATE
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHOUSEHOLD SAVINGS
dc.subjectHUMAN DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectIMPORT
dc.subjectIMPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICE
dc.subjectIMPORT PRICES
dc.subjectIMPORT TARIFFS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME ELASTICITIES
dc.subjectINCOMES
dc.subjectINTEREST PAYMENTS
dc.subjectINTERNAL RATES OF RETURN
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL BANK
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PRICE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL PRICES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVESTMENT FINANCING
dc.subjectINVESTMENT LEVELS
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RATES
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLIVING STANDARDS
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRY
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectOUTPUTS
dc.subjectPAYMENT FLOWS
dc.subjectPETROLEUM PRODUCT
dc.subjectPOLICY RESPONSE
dc.subjectPOLICY RESPONSES
dc.subjectPOPULATION GROWTH
dc.subjectPOSITIVE EFFECTS
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGE
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE INDICES
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRICE OF EXPORTS
dc.subjectPRICE SUBSIDY
dc.subjectPRIVATE CAPITAL
dc.subjectPRIVATE CAPITAL STOCKS
dc.subjectPRIVATE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectPRIVATE INVESTMENT
dc.subjectPRIVATE SAVINGS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION INCREASES
dc.subjectPRODUCTION STRUCTURE
dc.subjectPROFIT MAXIMIZATION
dc.subjectPROFIT RATE
dc.subjectPUBLIC INVESTMENT
dc.subjectRAPID GROWTH
dc.subjectREAL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectREAL EXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectREAL EXCHANGE RATE APPRECIATION
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICE
dc.subjectRELATIVE PRICES
dc.subjectREMITTANCES
dc.subjectRETURNS
dc.subjectSANITATION SERVICES
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSAVINGS RATES
dc.subjectSMALL COUNTRY
dc.subjectSTOCK CHANGE
dc.subjectSUBSIDY POLICY
dc.subjectSUPPLY CURVE
dc.subjectSUPPLY CURVES
dc.subjectSUPPLY SIDE
dc.subjectSURPLUS
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX INCREASE
dc.subjectTAX INCREASES
dc.subjectTAX RATE
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTOTAL EXPORT
dc.subjectTOTAL EXPORTS
dc.subjectTOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectTRADE BALANCE
dc.subjectTRADE DEFICIT
dc.subjectTRADE LOSS
dc.subjectTRADE POLICY
dc.subjectTRADE SHARES
dc.subjectTRADE SHOCK
dc.subjectTRADE STATISTICS
dc.subjectTRANSACTIONS COSTS
dc.subjectTRANSFER PAYMENTS
dc.subjectTRUST FUND
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATE
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT RATES
dc.subjectVALUE ADDED
dc.subjectWAGE GROWTH
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS
dc.subjectWORLD MARKETS
dc.subjectWORLD PRICE
dc.subjectWORLD PRICES
dc.titleWorld Food Prices and Human Development: Policy Simulations for Archetype Low-Income Countries

Archivos

Colecciones

AgroKnow