The Gambia - From Entrepot to Exporter and Eco-tourism : Diagnostic Trade Integration Study for the Integrated Framework for Trade-related Technical Assistance to Least Developed Countries
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Washington, DC
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For decades, Gambia has served as a
regional entrepot, using the river as a transportation link
to the hinterland. Relatively low import taxes,
well-functioning port and customs services, and limited
administrative barriers reinforced Gambia's position as
a trading center. About 80 percent of Gambian merchandise
exports consist of re-exports to the sub-region goods
imported into Gambia are transported unofficially into
Senegal and beyond. Gambian economy and especially its
public finances are highly dependent on this trade because
imported goods destined for re-export pay the normal import
duties. Recently, however, re-exports have declined due to a
combination of tensions with Senegal, harmonization of
import and sales taxes in the region, and improved port and
customs operations in Senegal and other neighboring
countries. The current re-export trade is unlikely to be
sustainable, calling for a strategy to build growth on a
more secure foundation. The report identifies directions for
establishing a more sustainable foundation for the
country's position as a gateway to the region by
improving the transport system and reinforcing its efficient
trade facilitation services, while recognizing the limited
potential for growth. The study makes detailed
recommendations on strengthening and diversifying domestic
production of goods and services in the areas of tourism,
groundnuts, other agriculture, and fishing, by improving the
business climate as well as implementing sector-specific reforms.
Palabras clave
ACCIDENTS, ACCOUNTING, ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES, ADVERSE EFFECTS, AGRICULTURE, AIR, AIR CARGO, AIR FREIGHT, AIR SERVICE, AIR SERVICES, AIR TRANSPORT, AIRPORT, ASSETS, AUDITS, BANK ACCOUNTS, BID, BORDER CROSSING, BORDER TRAFFIC, BRIDGE, BUDGET DEFICITS, BUSINESS CLIMATE, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, CAPITAL INFLOWS, CARS, CENTRAL BANK, COMMERCIAL BANK, COMMERCIAL BANK LENDING, COMMERCIAL BANKS, COMMODITY, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVENESS, CONGESTION, CONSUMER GOODS, COST OF FINANCE, COSTS OF FUEL, CREDIBILITY, CREDIT ASSOCIATION, CREDIT PROGRAM, CREDIT RISK, CROSS SUBSIDIZATION, CROSSING, CROSSINGS, CURRENCY, CUSTOMS UNION, DEBT RELIEF, DEPOSIT, DEPOSIT RATES, DEVALUATION, DEVELOPMENT AGENCY, DEVELOPMENT BANK, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY, DIRECT PAYMENTS, DOMESTIC DEBT, DOMESTIC INTEREST RATES, DURABLE, ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC RELATIONS, ECONOMIC SITUATION, ECONOMIC STRUCTURE, ECONOMIC STRUCTURES, EQUIPMENT, EXCHANGE RATE, EXPENDITURES, EXPORT SECTOR, EXPORT SECTORS, EXPORTERS, EXPORTS, EXTERNAL TRADE, EXTREME POVERTY, FEASIBILITY STUDIES, FERRIES, FINANCIAL COMPENSATION, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL DEFICIT, FISCAL POLICY, FOREIGN BUYERS, FOREIGN DEBT, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE, FOREIGN INVESTORS, FREE ZONES, FREIGHT, FUEL, GDP, GLOBAL ECONOMY, GLOBAL MARKET, GLOBAL MARKETS, GOVERNMENT CAPACITY, GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION, GOVERNMENT POLICY, GOVERNMENT REVENUE, GOVERNMENT REVENUES, GROWTH RATE, GUARANTEE FUND, HARMONIZATION, HIGHWAY, HIGHWAYS, HOLDING, HOURS OF OPERATION, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCE, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMPORT BARRIERS, INCOME, INCOMES, INEFFICIENCY, INFLATION, INFLATION RATE, INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT, INSPECTION, INSURANCE, INTEREST RATES, INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, INTERNATIONAL MARKET, INTERNATIONAL STANDARD, INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE, INTRINSIC VALUE, INVESTMENT CLIMATE, INVESTOR CONFIDENCE, INVESTOR PROTECTION, JUDICIAL SYSTEM, LAND USE, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LETTER OF CREDIT, LIBERALIZATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LOAN, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LOSS OF REVENUES, LOW TARIFFS, MACROECONOMIC POLICIES, MACROECONOMIC STABILITY, MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION, MARKET CONDITIONS, MISMANAGEMENT, MONETARY POLICIES, MONEY GROWTH, MORTGAGE, MULTIPLIER EFFECTS, NATIONAL TRANSPORT, NET EXPORTS, NEW PRODUCT, OIL PRICES, OPEN ECONOMY, OUTPUT, PATRONAGE, POLITICAL STABILITY, PORT AUTHORITY, POWER OUTAGES, POWER PARITY, PRIVATE INVESTMENT, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, PRIVATIZATION, PRODUCTION COSTS, PRODUCTIVE INVESTMENT, PUBLIC DEBT, PUBLIC FINANCES, PUBLIC INVESTMENT, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP, PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS, PURCHASING POWER, REAL GDP, REAL INTEREST, REAL INTEREST RATES, REGIONAL INTEGRATION, REGIONAL TRADE, REGIONAL TRANSIT, REGIONAL TRANSPORT, REGULATORY FRAMEWORK, RENEGOTIATION, REPUTATION, RETURN, RETURNS, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, ROAD IMPROVEMENT, ROAD NETWORK, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROADS, RURAL INFRASTRUCTURE, RURAL ROADS, SAVINGS, SHORT-TERM FINANCE, SMALL COUNTRIES, SMALL COUNTRY, STOCK EXCHANGES, STOCKS, STRATEGIC INVESTORS, SURFACE FREIGHT, TARIFF REVENUE, TAX, TAX RATE, TAX RATES, TAX REVENUES, TAX RULES, TAX SYSTEM, TAXATION, TAXIS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TELECOMMUNICATIONS, TOURIST AUTHORITY, TRADE BARRIERS, TRADE POLICIES, TRADE POLICY, TRADE REGIME, TRADE RELATIONS, TRADE TAXES, TRADING, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC DATA, TRAFFIC FLOWS, TRANSIT, TRANSIT TRADE, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT PLAN, TRANSPORT SAFETY, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SERVICES, TRANSPORT SYSTEM, TRANSPORTATION, TREASURY, TREASURY BILLS, TREATIES, TREATY, TRUCK DRIVERS, TRUCKS, UNDERLYING PROBLEMS, VALUATION, WEALTH, WHOLESALE PRICES, WORLD DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS, WORLD MARKET, WORLD TRADE, WTO