Stability of leaf yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) metabolite concentrations over the time from the prism of secondary Sexual dimorphism.

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dc.contributorMIROSLAVA RAKOCEVIC
dc.contributorALINE DE HOLANDA NUNES MAIA, CNPMA
dc.contributorMARCUS VINICIUS DE LIZ, UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ
dc.contributorRAFAELA IMOSKI, UNIVERSIDADE TECNOLÓGICA FEDERAL DO PARANÁ
dc.contributorCRISTIANE VIEIRA HELM, CNPF
dc.contributorEUCLIDES LARA CARDOZO JUNIOR, UNIVERSIDADE PARANAENSE.
dc.creatorRAKOCEVIC, M.
dc.creatorMAIA, A. de H. N.
dc.creatorLIZ, M. V. de
dc.creatorIMOSKI, R.
dc.creatorHELM, C. V.
dc.creatorCARDOZO JUNIOR, E. L.
dc.creatorWENDLING, I.
dc.date2023-07-17T14:27:55Z
dc.date2023-07-17T14:27:55Z
dc.date2023-07-17
dc.date2023
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-07T05:09:34Z
dc.descriptionAbstract: The yerba mate leaf metabolic composition depends mainly on genetics, sex, plant and leaf age, light intensity, harvest time, climate, and fertilization. In yerba mate, the secondary sexual dimorphism (SSD), the leaf metabolic SSD association with the frequency of leaf harvests, and the stability of the metabolites in the two genders over the years is not known. It was hypothesized that (1) the SSD in the metabolite segregation would differ among the winter and summer growth pauses, (2) females would show lower metabolite concentrations, and (3) the metabolic concentrations would show stability over the years on the same plants, not obligatorily associated with the SSD stability expression. Variations in theobromine, caffeine, chlorogenic and caffeic acids were correlated to the increasing time since the previous harvest, especially in females. However, the frequency of the metabolic SSD were associated with the studied growth pauses, rejecting the first hypothesis. No regular gender superiority was expressed in the yerba mate leaf secondary metabolites, rejecting our second hypothesis, even though more cases of superior female metabolite accumulation were identified. The stability of the leaf protein was preserved over the four years, with no SSD cases observed. The leaf methylxanthines were time stable, while the decrease in the phenolic content occurred with tree aging, which was not associated with the SSD expression, partially proving our third hypothesis. The novelty was related to the time stability of the leaf metabolic SSD observed over the winter and summer growth pauses, and over the four consecutive years without a regular expression of the male- or female-biased concentrations in the studied metabolites. To demystify the random metabolic gender responses in yerba mate, gender-orientated experiments with a high number of tree repetitions must be conducted, including clonal plants grown in various environments, such as monoculture and agroforestry, or on plantations in different climates and altitudes.
dc.identifierPlants, v. 12, n. 11, article 2199, 2023.
dc.identifier2223-7747
dc.identifierhttp://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1154965
dc.identifier10.3390/plants12112199
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/482405
dc.languageeng
dc.rightsopenAccess
dc.subjectMate
dc.subjectFenol
dc.subjectTeobromina
dc.subjectCafeína
dc.subjectCaffeine
dc.subjectTheobromine
dc.subjectPlant proteins
dc.subjectYerba mate
dc.subjectCaffeic acid
dc.subjectChlorogenic acid
dc.titleStability of leaf yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) metabolite concentrations over the time from the prism of secondary Sexual dimorphism.
dc.typeArtigo de periódico

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