Risk factor analysis of diarrhoeal disease incidence in faecal sludge-applying farmers' households in Tamale, Ghana

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dc.creatorSeidu, R.
dc.creatorLofman, O.
dc.creatorDrechsel, Pay
dc.creatorStenstrom, T.A.
dc.date2013-06-01
dc.date2014-06-13T14:47:22Z
dc.date2014-06-13T14:47:22Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T18:41:36Z
dc.descriptionThis study assesses the effect of risk factors and their inter-related mediation on diarrhoeal disease incidence in households applying faecal sludge in agricultural fields in Tamale, Ghana. Risk factors were assigned to three inter-related blocks: distal socio-economic, proximal public and domestic domains. The study involved 1,431 individuals living in 165 faecal sludge-applying households followed bi-weekly for 12 months. The incidence rate of diarrhoeal disease in the sludge-applying households was 1.09 (95% CI: 0.78-1.23) diarrhoeal episodes per person year at risk. Risk factors for diarrhoeal disease transmission in the public domain included sludge drying time (population attributable fraction (PAF) of 6%) and distance covered to collect water (PAF? 18%). The main distal socio-economic risk factor was wealth status (PAF? 15%). In the domestic domain, the risk factor significantly associated with diarrhoeal disease transmission was, not washing hands with soap after defecation (PAF ? 18%). About 17% of the effect of sludge drying time (including distance to water facilities) was mediated by the domestic domain risk factors. The study recommends risk management strategies in sludge-applying households that address public and domestic domain risk factors in addition to specific farm level interventions.
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/40308
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/162877
dc.languageen
dc.publisherIWA Publishing
dc.rightsLimited Access
dc.sourceSeidu, R.; Lofman, O.; Drechsel, Pay; Stenstrom, T. A. 2013. Risk factor analysis of diarrhoeal disease incidence in faecal sludge-applying farmers? households in Tamale, Ghana. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 3(2):134-143. doi: https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.042
dc.subjectsewage sludge
dc.subjectexcreta
dc.subjectagriculture
dc.subjectdiarrhoea
dc.subjectrisk analysis
dc.subjecthouseholds
dc.subjectfarmers
dc.subjectstatistical analysis
dc.subjectsocioeconomic environment
dc.titleRisk factor analysis of diarrhoeal disease incidence in faecal sludge-applying farmers' households in Tamale, Ghana
dc.typeJournal Article

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