On Measuring Aggregate "Social Efficiency"
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Cross-country comparisons of social
indicators controlling for income and/or social spending
have been widely used to measure and explain "social
efficiency" analogously to "technical
efficiency" in production. The author argues that these
methods are clouded in ambiguities about what exactly is
being measured. Standard methods of measuring technical
efficiency require assumptions that seem unlikely to hold
for social indicators. In the context of a simple parametric
model of life expectancy, conditions are identified under
which there will be a systematic pattern of bias in
estimates of efficient health spending.
Palabras clave
CROSS-COUNTRY EXPERIENCE, SOCIAL INDICATORS, INCOME GAPS, PUBLIC SPENDING, INCOME ESTIMATES, SOCIAL CHOICE, TECHNICAL EVALUATION, PRODUCTION CAPACITY, MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS, LIFE EXPECTANCY (HUMAN), SOCIAL CONDITIONS, HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, AGGREGATE INCOME, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AVERAGE INCOME, BENCHMARK, COUNTRY LEVEL, COUNTRY PERFORMANCE, CROSS-COUNTRY COMPARISONS, CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES, CROSS-SECTIONAL DATA, DATA SETS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE, DEVELOPMENT REPORTS, ECONOMIC THEORY, EMPIRICAL FINDINGS, EMPIRICAL MODEL, EMPIRICAL MODELS, EMPIRICAL WORK, EXPECTED VALUES, EXPLANATORY VARIABLES, FUNCTIONAL FORM, FUNCTIONAL FORMS, GDP, GDP PER CAPITA, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH INDICATORS, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, INCOME, INCOME DIFFERENCES, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOMES, INDIVIDUAL COUNTRIES, INEFFICIENCY, INFANT MORTALITY, INPUT PRICES, INVERTED-U RELATIONSHIP, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LINEAR RELATIONSHIP, LOG INCOME, MEAN ERROR TERM, MEAN INCOME, MEASUREMENT ERROR, MEASUREMENT ERRORS, MORTALITY, NATIONAL INCOME, NEGATIVE GROWTH, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POSITIVE CORRELATION, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCERS, PRODUCTION FUNCTION, PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS, PRODUCTION INPUTS, PRODUCTION SET, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SPENDING, REDUCING POVERTY, SERIES DATA, SOCIAL OUTCOMES, SOCIAL POLICY, SOCIAL SERVICES, TIME SERIES, WAGES