Mapping and Situation Assessment of Key Populations at High Risk of HIV in Three Cities of Afghanistan
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Washington, DC
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As yet, little is known about the HIV
epidemic status and potential in Afghanistan. The country
seems to be at an early epidemic phase with low HIV
prevalence, but there are a number of underlying
vulnerability factors that could lead to the conditions for
epidemic expansion, including drug trafficking, the
post-conflict situation with displacement of populations, a
fledgling health care system, and a low level of knowledge
and awareness about HIV/AIDS. As in other parts of central
and south Asia, the most important proximate determinants of
the scale and distribution of an HIV epidemic in Afghanistan
will be the size and characteristics of high risk networks
involving injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers
(FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who are at high
risk. Assessments from elsewhere in central Asia indicate an
explosive growth in injecting drug use and commercial sex
work throughout the region, concurrent epidemics of sexually
transmitted infections (STIs), and economic and political
migration. As yet, little information is known about the
size, distribution, and characteristics of IDU and sex
worker sub-populations in Afghanistan. Therefore, the World
Bank (WB) agreed with the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH)
to contract with the University of Manitoba (UM) to conduct
an assessment of these three key, high risk populations in
three cities of Afghanistan (Mazar-i-Sharif, Jalalabad, and Kabul).
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ADDICTION, ADULT MEN, AGED, AIDS PROJECT, ARMED CONFLICT, AVERAGE AGE, BEHAVIOURAL CORRELATES, BEHAVIOURAL DATA, BLOOD SAMPLES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CENTRAL ASIAN, CIRCUMCISION, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, COMMERCIAL SEX, COMMERCIAL SEX WORK, COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER, COMMUNICABLE DISEASE, COMMUNITY OUTREACH, CONDOM, CONDOM USE, CONDOMS, CRIME, CULTURAL BARRIERS, DISEASE, DISEASE SURVEILLANCE, DISEASES, DRUG TRAFFICKING, DRUGS, EPIDEMIC, EPIDEMICS, ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS, EXERCISES, FAMILIES, FEMALE RESEARCHERS, FEMALE SEX WORKERS, FORMAL EDUCATION, GENDER ROLES, GOVERNMENT OFFICES, HARM REDUCTION, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CARE SYSTEM, HEALTH RESEARCH, HEALTH SERVICES, HEPATITIS, HEPATITIS B, HEPATITIS B VIRUS, HEPATITIS C, HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES, HIGH RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK, HIGH-RISK BEHAVIOURS, HIGH-RISK GROUPS, HIGH-RISK POPULATIONS, HIV, HIV POSITIVE, HIV TRANSMISSION, HOMOSEXUAL ACTS, HOSPITALS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, ILLICIT DRUG USE, ILLICIT DRUGS, IMMUNODEFICIENCY, INFECTION, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INFORMED CONSENT, INJECTING DRUG USE, INJECTING DRUG USERS, INJECTING DRUGS, INJECTION DRUG, INJECTION DRUG USE, INJECTION EQUIPMENT, INJECTION HISTORY, INTERNATIONAL BORDERS, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION, LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE, LEGAL STATUS, LEVELS OF CONDOM USE, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, MALE CIRCUMCISION, MALE SEX, MARITAL STATUS, MEDICAL RESEARCH, MEDICINE, MIDWIVES, MODERNIZATION, NATIONAL AIDS, NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NEEDLE SHARING, NEEDLES, NEVER USED CONDOM, NUMBER OF REFUGEES, OBSTETRIC CARE, PATHOLOGY, PATIENTS, PERSONAL COMMUNICATION, PHARMACEUTICALS, PHARMACIES, PHARMACISTS, PHARMACY, PHYSICIANS, POPULATION GROUPS, POPULATION SIZE, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVALENCE, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRISONS, PROVINCIAL HOSPITAL, PROVISION OF SERVICES, PUBLIC HEALTH, REFUGEES, REHABILITATION, RELIGIOUS LEADERS, RETURNEES, RISK BEHAVIOUR, RISK FACTORS, RISK GROUPS, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SEX PRACTICES, SEX WITH MEN, SEX WORKER, SEX WORKERS, SEXUAL BEHAVIOURS, SEXUAL ENCOUNTERS, SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, SEXUAL NETWORKS, SEXUAL PARTNERS, SEXUAL RELATIONS, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL RESEARCH, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL UPHEAVAL, STIS, STRATEGIC PRIORITY, SURVEILLANCE PROJECT, SYPHILIS, SYPHILIS TESTING, SYRINGES, TB, TRAINING MANUAL, TRANSMISSION, TUBERCULOSIS, URBAN AREAS, VOLUNTARY COUNSELLING, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WAR, WOMAN, YOUNG AGE