Bangladesh - Poverty Assessment            for Bangladesh : Creating Opportunities and Bridging the            East-West Divide

World Bank

Bangladesh - Poverty Assessment for Bangladesh : Creating Opportunities and Bridging the East-West Divide

Autores

Descripción

Bangladesh represents a success story among developing countries. Poverty incidence, which was as high as 57 percent at the beginning of the 1990s, had declined to 49 percent in 2000. This trend accelerated subsequently, reducing the poverty headcount rate to 40 percent in 2005. The primary contributing factor was robust and stable economic growth along with no worsening of inequality. Respectable GDP growth that started at the beginning of the 1990s continued into the new millennium and averaged above 5 percent annually between 2000 and 2005. Inequality, as measured by the Gini coefficient of consumption, remained stable between 2000 and 2005. Recent shocks to the Bangladeshi economy in the form of natural disasters and rising food prices have partially dampened the rapid progress in reducing poverty. The year 2007 saw two natural disasters, floods and a devastating cyclone within a few months of each other. Another significant shock has been the steep rise in food prices, including the main staple, rice, which has revealed the risk posed by global price volatility for a net food-importing country like Bangladesh. Estimates in this report suggest that the impact of the food price shock has likely negated some of the reduction in poverty brought about by economic growth between 2005 and 2008. Specific areas for policy focus which are elaborated in the report include measures to: (i) promote growth by sustaining increases in labor productivity and job creation in manufacturing and services; (ii) expand opportunities in lagging regions by improving connectivity with growth poles and investing in human capital; (iii) facilitate migration from poor areas given the poverty-reducing impact of remittances; (iv) stimulate women's participation in the labor force (v) sustain Bangladesh's past successes in reducing fertility; (vi) improve poor households access to and quality of education, health, and nutrition services; and (vii) strengthen the coordination, targeting, and coverage of safety net programs.

Palabras clave

ABSOLUTE INEQUALITY, ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ACCESS TO MARKETS, ADVERSE IMPACTS, AGE MORTALITY, AGGREGATE POVERTY, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL SEASON, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL WAGE, AVERAGE GROWTH, BASELINE POVERTY RATE, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BASIC NEEDS, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHANGES IN POVERTY, CHILD DELIVERY, CHILD MORTALITY, CHRONIC POVERTY, COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS, CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION, CONSUMPTION BASKET, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURES, CONSUMPTION PER CAPITA, CONSUMPTION POVERTY, CREDIT ACCESS, CROP PRODUCTION, CUMULATIVE DISTRIBUTION, DAILY WAGE, DECLINE IN FERTILITY, DECLINE IN POVERTY, DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DETERMINANTS OF POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY, DISEASES, DISSEMINATION, DIVERSIFICATION, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC SHOCKS, ECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMPLOYMENT GENERATION, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENROLMENT RATES, EXTREME POOR HOUSEHOLDS, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, FAMILY PLANNING, FARMERS, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMALE PARTICIPATION, FERTILITY, FERTILITY RATE, FOOD INTAKE, FOOD ITEMS, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD TRANSFERS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GENDER DIMENSIONS, GENDER GAP, GENDER PARITY, GINI INDEX, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH PROGRAMS, HEALTH SERVICES, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD INCOMES, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSEHOLD WELFARE, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPACITY, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLNESSES, IMMUNIZATION, IMPACT OF SHOCKS, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCOME, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME GENERATION, INCOME GROWTH, INCOME POVERTY, INCOME SUPPORT, INEQUALITY, INFANT, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, JOB CREATION, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE, LAND OWNERSHIP, LIVESTOCK OWNERSHIP, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, MALNUTRITION, MATERNAL HEALTH, MEDICAL TREATMENT, MIGRANT, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, NATIONAL POPULATION, NATIONAL POVERTY, NATIONAL POVERTY HEADCOUNT, NATIONAL POVERTY LINE, NATURAL DISASTER, NATURAL DISASTERS, NEGATIVE HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PER CAPITA EXPENDITURE, POOR, POOR AREAS, POOR CHILDREN, POOR GAP, POOR HEALTH, POOR PEOPLE, POOR PEOPLES, POOR POPULATION, POOR WOMEN, POPULATION CONTROL, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POPULATION GROWTH RATES, POPULATION SHARE, POPULATION SHIFTS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY CHANGES, POVERTY ESTIMATES, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATE, POVERTY HEADCOUNT RATES, POVERTY IMPACT, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY LEVEL, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY LINES, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY POVERTY, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCING, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRACTITIONERS, PROGRESS, PUBLIC EDUCATION, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH EXPENDITURE, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SPENDING, REDUCTION IN POVERTY, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, REMOTE AREAS, REPEATED SHOCKS, RESPECT, RISING CONSUMPTION, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DIFFERENCES, RURAL GAP, RURAL GAPS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL POVERTY RATE, RURAL POVERTY REDUCTION, SAFETY NET, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NET SYSTEM, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY ENROLMENT, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLING, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE UTILIZATION, SLOWING POPULATION GROWTH, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION, SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS, SPILLOVER, SUBSISTENCE, SUBSISTENCE FARMERS, TARGETING, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTERS, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POVERTY, URBANIZATION, VICIOUS CYCLE, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGE GROWTH, WELFARE INDICATORS, WELFARE MEASURE, WORKFORCE