Drawing a Roadmap for Oil Pricing Reform

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dc.creatorKojima, Masami
dc.date2013-09-04T18:05:03Z
dc.date2013-09-04T18:05:03Z
dc.date2013-05
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:49:18Z
dc.descriptionIn 2011, the median oil imports rose to 5 percent of gross domestic product for net importers. In the past several years, many governments have not passed through the world oil price increases to consumers fully. As a sign of divergent pricing policies, the retail prices of gasoline, diesel, and cooking gas in January 2013 varied by a factor of 190, 250, and 70, respectively, across developing countries. Policies to keep oil product prices low to benefit the economy and protect the poor have had a number of unintended negative consequences, including flourishing corruption in the oil sector and entrenchment of monopoly operators or inefficient firms through which subsidies are channeled, stifling competition and raising costs. The path to market-based pricing depends on the starting conditions: the gap between current and market-based price levels, the level of public awareness about the extent of departure from market prices, the degree of market concentration and competition in downstream oil, the subsidy delivery mechanism where subsidies are provided, the robustness of social service delivery, and the perceived credibility of the government. The evidence presented in this paper suggests that pricing reform often does not have a clear end and should instead be viewed as a continuous process of adjustment and search for mechanisms that take into account the country's institutions and political system, and the oil sector's market structure, infrastructure, and history.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2013/05/17733366/drawing-roadmap-oil-pricing-reform
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/15590
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6450
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411521
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research working paper;no. WPS 6450
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper;No. 6450
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectADVERSE CONSEQUENCES
dc.subjectADVERSE EFFECTS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectAIR POLLUTION
dc.subjectAPPROACH
dc.subjectATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
dc.subjectAVAILABILITY
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICE
dc.subjectAVERAGE PRICES
dc.subjectBALANCE
dc.subjectBARRELS PER DAY
dc.subjectBASE YEAR
dc.subjectBASKET OF GOODS
dc.subjectBENCHMARK
dc.subjectBLACK MARKET
dc.subjectBLACK MARKETS
dc.subjectBURNING FUEL
dc.subjectCASH FLOW
dc.subjectCOLLUSION
dc.subjectCOMMERCIALIZATION
dc.subjectCOMMODITIES
dc.subjectCOMMODITY
dc.subjectCOMMODITY PRICE
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKET
dc.subjectCOMPETITIVE MARKETS
dc.subjectCONFIDENTIALITY
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCONTROLLED PRICES
dc.subjectCORPORATE TAX
dc.subjectCOST REDUCTION
dc.subjectCRUDE OIL
dc.subjectCRUDE OIL PRICE
dc.subjectCURRENCY
dc.subjectCURRENCY APPRECIATION
dc.subjectCURRENT ACCOUNT BALANCE
dc.subjectDECISION MAKING
dc.subjectDELIVERY MECHANISM
dc.subjectDEREGULATION
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT AGENCY
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT POLICY
dc.subjectDIESEL
dc.subjectDIESEL FUEL
dc.subjectDIVIDENDS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKET
dc.subjectDOMESTIC MARKETS
dc.subjectDOMESTIC OIL
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICE
dc.subjectDOMESTIC PRICES
dc.subjectECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIES OF SCALE
dc.subjectEFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENT
dc.subjectELASTICITY
dc.subjectELASTICITY OF DEMAND
dc.subjectELECTRICITY
dc.subjectETHANOL
dc.subjectEXCESS PROFITS
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURE
dc.subjectEXPENDITURES
dc.subjectFAIR
dc.subjectFAIR TRADING
dc.subjectFEDERAL RESERVE
dc.subjectFEDERAL RESERVE BANK
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CONTRACT
dc.subjectFINANCIAL CRISIS
dc.subjectFOOD PRICES
dc.subjectFOSSIL
dc.subjectFOSSIL FUEL
dc.subjectFUEL
dc.subjectFUEL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectFUEL OIL
dc.subjectFUEL PRICES
dc.subjectFUEL SUPPLY
dc.subjectFUEL SWITCHING
dc.subjectFUEL TYPE
dc.subjectFUELS
dc.subjectFUTURE PRICE
dc.subjectFUTURE PRICES
dc.subjectFUTURES
dc.subjectGAS
dc.subjectGASOLINE
dc.subjectGASOLINE PRICES
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGDP PER CAPITA
dc.subjectGLOBAL MARKET
dc.subjectGLOBALIZATION
dc.subjectGOOD GOVERNANCE
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT BUDGET
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT INTERVENTIONS
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectHYDROPOWER
dc.subjectHYDROPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROUPS
dc.subjectINCOME TAX
dc.subjectINEFFICIENCY
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY
dc.subjectINSURANCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKET
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectKEROSENE
dc.subjectKEROSENE CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLIQUID FUELS
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectMARKET CONCENTRATION
dc.subjectMARKET CONDITIONS
dc.subjectMARKET DISTORTIONS
dc.subjectMARKET INCENTIVES
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMARKET STRUCTURE
dc.subjectMERIT GOOD
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLIES
dc.subjectMONOPOLY
dc.subjectNATURAL DISASTERS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS PRICES
dc.subjectNATURAL GAS PRODUCTION
dc.subjectNATURAL MONOPOLIES
dc.subjectNET OIL
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL COMPANIES
dc.subjectOIL COMPANY
dc.subjectOIL CONSUMPTION
dc.subjectOIL DEMAND
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTERS
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTS
dc.subjectOIL IMPORTS
dc.subjectOIL INDUSTRY
dc.subjectOIL MARKETS
dc.subjectOIL PRICE
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectOIL PRICING
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCERS
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCING
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCTION
dc.subjectOIL PRODUCTS
dc.subjectOIL REFINING
dc.subjectOIL SUPPLY
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COST
dc.subjectOPPORTUNITY COSTS
dc.subjectOUTPUT
dc.subjectPERSONAL INFORMATION
dc.subjectPETROLEUM
dc.subjectPETROLEUM GAS
dc.subjectPETROLEUM INDUSTRY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectPOLITICAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectPOLLUTION
dc.subjectPOVERTY ALLEVIATION
dc.subjectPOWER
dc.subjectPOWER GENERATION
dc.subjectPOWER SECTOR
dc.subjectPOWER SHORTAGES
dc.subjectPRICE ADJUSTMENTS
dc.subjectPRICE ADVANTAGE
dc.subjectPRICE BAND
dc.subjectPRICE BANDS
dc.subjectPRICE CEILINGS
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGE
dc.subjectPRICE CHANGES
dc.subjectPRICE COMPETITION
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROL
dc.subjectPRICE CONTROLS
dc.subjectPRICE DECREASES
dc.subjectPRICE EFFECT
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASE
dc.subjectPRICE INCREASES
dc.subjectPRICE LEVEL
dc.subjectPRICE LEVELS
dc.subjectPRICE MOVEMENTS
dc.subjectPRICE OF GASOLINE
dc.subjectPRICE OF OIL
dc.subjectPRICE REGULATION
dc.subjectPRICE RISKS
dc.subjectPRICE SPIKES
dc.subjectPRICE STABILITY
dc.subjectPRICE STABILIZATION
dc.subjectPRICE SUBSIDIES
dc.subjectPRICE SUBSIDY
dc.subjectPRICE TRENDS
dc.subjectPRICE VOLATILITY
dc.subjectPRICING MECHANISMS
dc.subjectPRICING POLICIES
dc.subjectPRICING POLICY
dc.subjectPRICING POLICY REFORM
dc.subjectPRICING REFORM
dc.subjectPROFIT MARGINS
dc.subjectPUBLIC UTILITIES
dc.subjectREFINED PRODUCTS
dc.subjectREGRESSION ANALYSIS
dc.subjectREGULAR GASOLINE
dc.subjectREMOTE AREAS
dc.subjectRETAIL
dc.subjectRETAIL PRICES
dc.subjectRETAILING
dc.subjectSAFETY NET
dc.subjectSAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSALE
dc.subjectSALES
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSINGLE MARKET
dc.subjectSMART CARD
dc.subjectSMART CARDS
dc.subjectSOCIAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectSOCIAL SAFETY NETS
dc.subjectSPOT PRICE
dc.subjectSPOT PRICES
dc.subjectSTABLE PRICES
dc.subjectSUPPLIERS
dc.subjectSUPPLY CHAIN
dc.subjectSUSTAINABLE ENERGY
dc.subjectTARIFF STRUCTURE
dc.subjectTAX
dc.subjectTAX EXPENDITURES
dc.subjectTAX RATES
dc.subjectTAX REVENUE
dc.subjectTAXATION
dc.subjectTRACK RECORD
dc.subjectTRADITIONAL FUELS
dc.subjectTRANSACTION COST
dc.subjectTRANSPARENCY
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectVEHICLES
dc.subjectWAGES
dc.subjectWEALTH
dc.subjectWHOLESALE GASOLINE
dc.subjectWHOLESALE PRICES
dc.subjectWORLD MARKET
dc.titleDrawing a Roadmap for Oil Pricing Reform

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