Voices of Youth in Post-Conflict Burundi : Perspectives on Exclusion, Gender, and Conflict
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Washington, DC
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This report examines youth in
post-conflict Burundi. The research responds to the nascent
but growing body of knowledge on conflict, young men and
gender. War and violence have devastated societies and
economies throughout Africa with young men being the main
perpetrators of this violence. This research attempts to
contribute to this body of knowledge. It looks at youth and
young men in particular in two countries emerging from years
of ethnic conflict, with a view to identifying if gender
norms may increase the risk of renewed conflict. Specific
objectives of the research in Burundi were to examine how
poor and excluded youth are faring and coping in the
country's post-conflict environment; how gender
dynamics are playing out in Burundian society and how these
may contribute to increased risk of renewed conflict; and
what the implications of findings are in terms of future
policy and programming. The study takes a special look at
youth ex-combatants who are in the process of being
reintegrated back into their communities, given that this
group has been a focus of a high profile demobilization and
reintegration program in Burundi and given that
ex-combatants are considered to represent a higher risk to
renewed fighting. The report is organized as follows. After
this introductory chapter, chapter two presents the context
for the study, and includes a definition of youth as well as
a brief description of the country context and socioeconomic
indicators for youth. Chapter three presents the main
research findings on how youth are faring, how they see
their prospects, and the challenges they face, including
those related to meeting gender norms and other social
institutions. Chapter four presents a description of the
policy response and programs targeting youth, scanty as they
may be. Lastly, chapter five summarizes the study's
main findings and conclusions, and presents an overall
approach for youth development as well as policy directions.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO EDUCATION, ADOLESCENCE, ADOLESCENT, ADOLESCENTS, ADULT HEALTH, ADULT LITERACY, ADULT LITERACY RATE, ADULT MEN, ADULT POPULATION, ADULTHOOD, AGE GROUPS, AGE OF MARRIAGE, AID, ALCOHOLISM, AVERAGE AGE, BASIC HEALTH SERVICES, BASIC NEEDS, BIRTHS, BOTH SEXES, BREAST MILK, CAREGIVERS, CHILDHOOD TO ADULTHOOD, CHRONIC MALNUTRITION, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CIVIL CONFLICT, CIVIL UNREST, CIVIL WAR, CLIMATE CHANGE, COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT, CONDOM, CULTURAL PRACTICES, CULTURAL VALUES, DEMOGRAPHIC PRESSURE, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIGNITY, EARLY ADOLESCENCE, EARLY CHILDBEARING, EARLY MARRIAGE, ECONOMIC CHANGE, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, ECONOMIC STATUS, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES, EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENROLLMENT, ENROLLMENT RATE, ETHNIC GROUPS, EX-COMBATANTS, EXPOSURE TO VIOLENCE, FAMILIES, FAMILY FORMATION, FAMILY MEMBERS, FEMALE EDUCATION, FEMININITY, FERTILITY, FORMAL EDUCATION, FRIENDLY REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, GANGS, GENDER, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER NORMS, GENOCIDE, GIRLS, GOOD GOVERNANCE, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GOVERNMENT SUPPORT, GROSS ENROLLMENT, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIOS, HEALTH NEEDS, HIV, HOUSEHOLD DUTIES, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD WORK, HUMAN BEINGS, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUSBANDS, IMPACT ON CHILDREN, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INFANT, INFANT MORTALITY, INFANT MORTALITY RATE, INFORMED DECISIONS, INTERVENTIONS, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, JOB TRAINING, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LATE TEENS, LEADERSHIP, LEARNING, LEVEL OF EDUCATION, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE SKILLS, LITERACY RATES, LIVE BIRTHS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, MALARIA, MALE CONDOMS, MALE RESPONSIBILITY, MALE YOUTH, MASCULINITY, MIDDLE ADOLESCENCE, MIGRANT, MIGRANT POPULATION, MIGRANT WOMEN, MIGRANT YOUTH, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MODERNIZATION, MORAL DEVELOPMENT, MORTALITY, MORTALITY RATE, MOTHER, NATIONAL LEADERS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POLITICS, NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY, NON-FORMAL EDUCATION, NURSE, NURSES, OLD GIRL, OLD MAN, ORPHANS, PARENTAL ATTITUDES, PEACE, PERSONALITY, PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES, POLICY RESPONSE, POLYGAMOUS MARRIAGES, POLYGAMY, POOR FAMILIES, POOR GIRLS, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION PRESSURE, POST-CONFLICT SETTING, POST-CONFLICT SETTINGS, PREGNANCY, PRIMARY COMPLETION, PRIMARY COMPLETION RATE, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PROGRESS, PROSTITUTION, PSYCHOSOCIAL HEALTH, PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC SPHERE, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF LIFE, REASONING, REFUGEE, REFUGEES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, RESPECT, RULE OF LAW, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, RURAL YOUTH, SCHOOL ENROLMENT, SCHOOL YEAR, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SELF-ESTEEM, SERVICE DELIVERY, SEX, SEXUAL BEHAVIOR, SEXUALLY ACTIVE, SHORT SUPPLY, SOCIAL CHANGE, SOCIAL CHANGES, SOCIAL CONTROL, SOCIAL CONTROLS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL GROUP, SOCIAL GROUPS, SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS, SOCIAL JUSTICE, SOCIAL MOBILITY, SOCIAL MOVEMENTS, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL STATUS, SOCIAL SUPPORT, SPOUSE, SUPPORT TO PARENTS, TEACHERS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TERTIARY LEVELS, TRADITIONAL GENDER ROLES, TRADITIONAL VALUES, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRANSPORTATION, TRAUMA, TUBERCULOSIS, UNMARRIED MEN, UNWANTED PREGNANCY, URBAN AREAS, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN YOUTH, URBANIZATION, USE OF CONDOMS, VIOLENCE, VOCATIONAL EDUCATION, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABILITY, WAR, WOMAN, YOUNG ADULT, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG AGE, YOUNG MALE, YOUNG MEN, YOUNG PEOPLE, YOUNG WOMEN, YOUTH, YOUTH ACTIVITIES, YOUTH DEVELOPMENT, YOUTH EMPLOYMENT, YOUTH LITERACY, YOUTH MOVEMENT, YOUTH PERSPECTIVES, YOUTH POLICIES, YOUTH POLICY, YOUTH POPULATION, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT