Interventions to Prevent or Reduce Violence Against Women and Girls : A Systematic Review of Reviews
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Violence against Women and Girls (VAWG)
is a pervasive global problem. It is a violation of basic
human rights and a drag on development. Much of the research
to-date on the topic-including a major recent World Health
Organization study to produce global prevalence rates has
focused on better understanding the scale and nature of the
problem. The present study builds on this body or research
while shifting focus to synthesizing global evidence on
potential solutions. This paper, a systematic review of
reviews, breaks new ground by synthesizing evidence on the
effects of VAWG prevention interventions. It examines the
diversity of geographical context, the types of violence
addressed, and the numerous approaches that have been used
to combat VAWG. Additionally the review summarizes the
quality of evidence on efficacy and effectiveness in order
to highlight strengths and gaps of interventions on a global
scale and could serve as a point of reference for those
intending to undertake future design, implementation, and
evaluation of interventions. This paper finds that knowledge
of intervention impacts on VAWG prevention is growing, but
is still highly limited. Nonetheless, a small but growing
body of rigorously tested interventions demonstrates that
preventing VAWG is possible and can achieve large effect
sizes. The interventions with the most positive findings
used multiple, well-integrated approaches and engaged with
multiple stakeholders over time. They also addressed
underlying risk factors for violence, including social norms
regarding gender dynamics and the acceptability of violence.
These examples point to the imperative of greatly increasing
investment both in innovative programming in primary
prevention, as well as in high-quality experimental and
quasi-experimental evaluations to guide international
efforts to end VAWG.
Palabras clave
ABDUCTION, ABORTIONS, ABUSED WOMEN, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ACT OF GENDER, ACT OF VIOLENCE, ADOLESCENCE, ADOLESCENTS, ADULTHOOD, ADVOCACY CAMPAIGNS, AGE OF MARRIAGE, AGED, AGGRESSIVE, ALCOHOL, ALCOHOL USE, ARBITRARY DEPRIVATION OF LIBERTY, BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS, BIRTH CONTROL, BIRTH WEIGHT, CARE PROVIDERS, CAREGIVERS, CASE MANAGEMENT, CHILD ABUSE, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MALTREATMENT, CHILD MARRIAGE, CHILD MARRIAGES, CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE, CHILDBEARING, CHILDHOOD, CLINICS, COERCION, COMMUNITY ACTION, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMMUNITY HEALTH WORKERS, COMMUNITY MOBILIZATION, CONDOM, CONFLICT SETTINGS, CONSEQUENCES OF VIOLENCE, CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS, CONTRACEPTIVE USE, CRISIS CENTERS, CULTURAL BELIEFS, DATE RAPE, DECISION MAKING, DECLARATION ON THE ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, DEGRADING TREATMENT, DEPRESSION, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DISABILITY, DISSEMINATION, DOCTORS, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DROPOUT, EARLY ADOLESCENCE, EARLY ADULTHOOD, EARLY MARRIAGE, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES, ELIMINATION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION, EMERGENCY ROOMS, EMPOWERING WOMEN, EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH, FAMILIES, FEAR OF VIOLENCE, FEMALE, FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION, FEMALE PARTNERS, FEMALE STUDENTS, FEMINIST, FORCED MARRIAGE, FORM OF VIOLENCE, FORMS OF GENDER, FORMS OF VIOLENCE, FORMS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER NORMS, GENDER ROLE, GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, GENITAL MUTILATION, GIRLS, GIRLS IN SCHOOL, GLOBAL WOMEN, GROUP THERAPY, HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CONSEQUENCES, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROFESSIONALS, HEALTH SECTOR, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH STATUS, HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS, HIV, HIV INFECTION, HOSPITAL, HUMAN TRAFFICKING, HYGIENE, ILL HEALTH, ILL HEALTH AMONG WOMEN, INFANT, INJURIES, INTERNATIONAL EFFORTS, INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION, INTERVENTION, INTIMATE PARTNER, INTIMATE PARTNERS, LABOR FORCE, LIFE SKILLS, LIVES OF INDIVIDUALS, LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MALE PERPETRATORS, MEDICINE, MENTAL, MENTAL ILLNESS, MINORITY, MOTHER, MOTHERS, MURDERS OF WOMEN, NURSES, NURSING, PARENTING, PARTNER ABUSE, PARTNER RELATIONSHIPS, PATIENT, PATIENTS, PEER EDUCATION, PEER EDUCATORS, PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE, PERPETRATORS OF VIOLENCE AGAINST MEN, PHYSICAL ASSAULT, PHYSICAL NEEDS, PHYSICAL VIOLENCE, POLICY MAKERS, POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS, POSTERS, PRACTITIONERS, PRE-NATAL CARE, PREGNANCY OUTCOMES, PREGNANT WOMEN, PREVENTION EFFORTS, PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS, PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE, PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, PRIVACY, PRIVATE LIFE, PROGRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE, PSYCHOLOGISTS, PSYCHOLOGY, PSYCHOSOCIAL SUPPORT, PUBLIC AWARENESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC HEALTH CONCERN, QUALITY OF LIFE, RADIO, RADIO PROGRAMS, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS, RAPE, RAPES, REFUGEE, RELIGIOUS VALUES, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, RESPECT, RISK ASSESSMENT, RISK FACTORS, RISK OF VIOLENCE, RITES OF PASSAGE, RURAL WOMEN, SCREENING, SCREENING TOOL, SERVICES FOR CHILDREN, SEX, SEX GROUPS, SEXUAL ASSAULT, SEXUAL CONTACT, SEXUAL HARASSMENT, SEXUAL ORGANS, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SHELTER, SHELTERS, SOCIAL MARKETING, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL SCIENCES, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WORKERS, SOCIALIZATION, SUBSTANCE ABUSE, SURVIVORS OF VIOLENCE, TELEVISION, TOLERANCE, TRADITIONAL PRACTICE, TRADITIONAL PRACTICES, TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, TYPES OF VIOLENCE, UNICEF, UNINTENDED PREGNANCY, UNITED NATIONS, UNMARRIED GIRLS, UNMARRIED YOUNG MEN, UNWANTED PREGNANCY, USE OF FORCE, VICTIMS, VIOLENCE, VIOLENCE AGAINST GIRLS, VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, VIOLENCE AMONG ADOLESCENTS, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WDR, WOMEN OF CHILDBEARING AGE, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG MEN, YOUTH