Disparities in Labor Market Performance in the Philippines

Luo, Xubei

Disparities in Labor Market Performance in the Philippines

Autores

Descripción

The Philippine economy has been growing rapidly, at an annual growth rate of 5 percent over the past five years. Such decent growth in gross domestic product, however, did not translate into an increase in household income. Wage income declined in real terms. The poverty headcount increased slightly. The fruits of economic growth were not shared equally across the country. Challenges remain to create more jobs to keep pace with the rapidly growing active population. Using the Philippines Labor Force Survey data (2003-2007), this paper reviews the disparities in labor market performance and examines the contribution of regional and individual characteristics. The results show that real wages declined and disparities widened between the National Capital Region and other islands. The youth, less educated, and women face more challenges in finding employment with a decent salary, other things being equal. Disparities in labor market performance are largely associated with the difference in regional structure and human capital endowment. Individual characteristics account for roughly one-third of the difference in wages between the National Capital Region and other regions; regional structures and other unobservable factors account for two-thirds of the difference.

Palabras clave

AGE GROUP, AGE GROUPS, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AVERAGE WAGE, AVERAGE WAGES, CAPITAL REGION, CULTURAL CHANGE, DAILY EARNINGS, DAILY WAGE, DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS, DISCRIMINATION, EARNING, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ELDERLY, ELDERLY POPULATION, EMPLOYEE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT RATE, EMPLOYMENT RATES, EMPLOYMENT STATUS, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE WORKERS, FEMALE CHILDREN, FINDING EMPLOYMENT, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH EMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT, HIGH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD_HEAD, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RESOURCES, ILLNESS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INFORMAL SECTOR, INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION, JOB CREATION, JOBS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS, LABOR MARKET INDICATORS, LABOR MARKET PERFORMANCE, LABOR MARKET POLICIES, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR ORGANIZATION, LABOR PRODUCTIVITY, LABOR SUPPLY, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LOW EMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT, LOW UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, MALE COUNTERPARTS, MALE WORKER, MALE WORKERS, MARITAL STATUS, MARRIED WOMEN, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POPULATION, NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT, NATIONAL UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POORER REGIONS, POVERTY REDUCTION, PREVIOUS JOB, PREVIOUS SECTION, PROGRESS, REAL WAGE, REAL WAGES, REGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS, REGIONAL DUMMIES, REGIONAL DUMMY, REGIONAL LABOR, REGIONAL LEVEL, REGIONAL STRUCTURE, REMITTANCES, SCHOOLING, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE SECTORS, SEX, SKILL REQUIREMENT, SUBREGIONS, TOTAL LABOR FORCE, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT INDICATORS, UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, WAGE DETERMINATION, WAGE DIFFERENTIAL, WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, WAGE DISTRIBUTION, WAGE GAP, WAGE LEVEL, WAGE LEVELS, WAGE RATE, WAGE STRUCTURE, WORK FORCE, WORKER, WORKERS, WORKING EXPERIENCE, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, YOUTH, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT, YOUTH UNEMPLOYMENT RATE