Gender Inequality in Multidimensional Welfare Deprivation in West Africa : The Case of Burkina Faso and Togo

Agbodji, Akoété Ega; Batana, Yélé Maweki; Ouedraogo, Dénis

Gender Inequality in Multidimensional Welfare Deprivation in West Africa : The Case of Burkina Faso and Togo

Autores

Agbodji, Akoété Ega

Batana, Yélé Maweki

Ouedraogo, Dénis

Editor

World Bank, Washington, DC

Descripción

The importance of gender equality is reflected not only in the Millennium Development Goals, but also in the World Bank's Gender Action Plan launched in 2007 as well as in other treaties and actions undertaken at regional and international levels. Unlike other work on gender and poverty, which is mostly based on monetary measurement, the present study makes use of a counting approach to examine gender issues in Burkina Faso and Togo using household surveys. Focusing on six dimensions (housing, basic utilities, assets, education, employment, and access to credit) largely recognized as Millennium Development Goal targets, the main findings of the study indicate that overall individuals are the most deprived in education in Burkina Faso, while the reverse situation is true in Togo. Gender inequality is observed in all dimensions since women always seem to be more deprived than men. The situation is also marked by regional disparities. Moreover, the assessment of dimensional contributions shows different patterns for each country. While employment proves to be the main contributor of gender inequality in Burkina Faso, three dimensions (assets, access to credit, and employment) account together for most of the total contribution to gender inequality in Togo. There is also a positive correlation between multidimensional deprivation and women's age in Burkina Faso, whereas both measures seem to be uncorrelated in Togo.

Palabras clave

ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO LABOR MARKET, ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER, BASIC HUMAN RIGHT, BASIC SANITATION, BOTH SEXES, CAREGIVERS, CHILD WELFARE, CHRONIC POVERTY, CONSUMPTION DATA, CONSUMPTION SMOOTHING, CREDIT ACCESS, DECOMPOSABLE POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIMENSIONAL POVERTY, DIMENSIONS OF POVERTY, DISEASES, DISTRIBUTION OF ACCESS, DIVERSIFICATION, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, DOMINANCE, DRINKING WATER, ECONOMIC BENEFIT, ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC INEQUALITY, EDUCATION SYSTEMS, EMPLOYMENT FOR WOMEN, ENHANCING WOMEN, EQUITABLE ACCESS, EXTREME POVERTY, FEMALE, FEMALE LABOR, FEMALE LABOR FORCE, FEMINIZATION OF POVERTY, FERTILITY, FIGHT AGAINST POVERTY, FIRST MARRIAGE, GENDER, GENDER ACTION, GENDER ANALYSIS, GENDER DIFFERENCE, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER DISPARITY, GENDER DISTRIBUTION, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER EQUALITY PERSPECTIVES, GENDER GAP, GENDER GAPS, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER RESEARCH, GENDERS, GIRLS, GROSS ENROLLMENT RATIO, HEALTH CENTERS, HOME, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD SIZE, HOUSEHOLD SURVEYS, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN RESOURCES, HUMAN RIGHT, ILLNESSES, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, INDIVIDUAL WELFARE, INTERNATIONAL TREATIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOUR FORCE, LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOUR SUPPLY, LAM, LIVING STANDARDS, MALNUTRITION, MANDATES, MEASUREMENT OF POVERTY, MENTAL HEALTH, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MORTALITY, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, PLACE OF RESIDENCE, POLICY ANALYSIS, POLICY DISCUSSIONS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POOR, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR ECONOMIES, POOR INDIVIDUALS, POOR PEOPLE, POVERTY AMONG WOMEN, POVERTY ANALYSIS, POVERTY ASSESSMENT, POVERTY COMPARISONS, POVERTY INDEX, POVERTY MEASUREMENT, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, PRODUCTIVITY, PROGRESS, PROMOTION OF GENDER EQUALITY, PROPORTION OF WOMEN, PUBLIC SERVICES, QUALITY OF LIFE, RADIO, REGIONAL DECOMPOSITION, REGIONAL DISPARITIES, REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION, REGIONAL OFFICE, REGIONAL RANKING, RESIDENCE, RESPECT, RIGHT TO EDUCATION, RURAL, RURAL ACCESS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, RURAL POVERTY, RURAL REGIONS, SAFE WATER, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SCHOOLING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SEX, SEXES, SHELTER, SLUM DWELLERS, SPOUSES, TELEVISION, UNICEF, UNITED NATIONS, UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS, UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION, URBAN AREAS, URBAN POVERTY, URBANIZATION, WATER COLLECTION, WATER SUPPLY, WELFARE INDICATORS, WELFARE LEVEL, WILL, YOUNG CHILDREN, YOUNG PEOPLE, multidimensional poverty, deprivation rates, basic utilities, access to credit, employment