Social Safety Nets and Gender : Learning from Impact Evaluations and World Bank Projects
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Poverty reduction is the overarching
objective of the World Bank Group and is reflected in the
institution s commitment to the Millennium Development Goals
(MDGs). More recently, the twin goals of the institution,
eradicating extreme poverty by 2030 and boosting shared
prosperity, expressed a renewed commitment toward the Bank
Group s vision of a world free of poverty. This message is
intimately related to another main goal of the institution:
advancing gender equality. The shared prosperity goal calls
for ensuring that men and women and boys and girls are
included in the development process. This review focuses on
a core set of poverty reduction interventions: Social Safety
Net (SSN) programs. SSNs, a subset of social protection
programs, are noncontributory transfer programs. Their main
objective is to protect the poor against destitution and
promoting equality of opportunity. The need to integrate
gender considerations into the design of SSNs (and social
protection interventions more generally) is an explicit
objective of the World Bank Social Protection (SP) strategy.
This report analyzes whether SSN interventions produce
results and help to improve gender equality for men and
women and boys and girls, either as a deliberate outcome or
as an unplanned consequence. The report discusses whether
SSN interventions aim to empower women and achieve greater
gender equality, or impact other gender outcomes as one of
their main goals. The report also looks at what type of
actions and indicators these interventions adopt and what
results they obtain. The report reviews evidence of results
on SSN-specific outcomes.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO INFORMATION, ACCESS TO RESOURCES, ADULTHOOD, ALTERNATIVE EMPLOYMENT, ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, ATTENDANCE RATES, BARGAINING MODELS, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BENEFITS FOR WOMEN, CASH ASSISTANCE, CASH TRANSFER, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD LABOR, CHILDHOOD, CONDITIONAL CASH, CONFLICT, CONTRACEPTION, CONTRIBUTORY PENSIONS, CUSTOMARY LAWS, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT, DIVORCE, DOMESTIC VIOLENCE, ECONOMIC BARRIERS, ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES FOR WOMEN, EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN, EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, EU, FAMILY WELFARE, FATHER, FEMALE, FEMALE EMPLOYMENT, FEMALE HEADS, FEMALES, FINANCIAL INDEPENDENCE, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD TRANSFERS, FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION, FUTURE EARNINGS, GENDER, GENDER ACTION, GENDER ASPECTS, GENDER CONSIDERATIONS, GENDER DEVELOPMENT, GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDER DIMENSION, GENDER DISCRIMINATION, GENDER DISPARITIES, GENDER EQUALITY, GENDER EQUALITY GOAL, GENDER EQUALITY GOALS, GENDER GAPS, GENDER GAPS IN ACCESS, GENDER IMPLICATIONS, GENDER INDICATORS, GENDER INEQUALITIES, GENDER INEQUALITY, GENDER INTERVENTIONS, GENDER ISSUES, GENDER MAINSTREAMING, GENDER MAINSTREAMING STRATEGY, GENDER ROLES, GENDER SEGREGATION, GIRLS, HEALTH CARE SERVICES, HEALTH FACILITY, HEIGHT-FOR-AGE, HOME, HOME RATION, HOUSEHOLD ALLOCATION, HOUSEHOLD CONSUMPTION, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HOUSEHOLDS, HOUSING, HUMAN RIGHTS, HUSBAND, INCOME SECURITY, INCOME SUPPORT, INFORMAL INSURANCE, INFORMAL SECTOR, INHERITANCE, INSURANCE, INTEGRATION OF GENDER, INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY, INTERVENTION, INTERVENTIONS, LABOR FORCE, LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR SUPPLY, LABOUR ORGANIZATION, LAND OWNERSHIP, LEGAL STATUS, LIVING ARRANGEMENTS, MAINTENANCE PROGRAM, MARRIAGE LAWS, MARRIAGES, MATERNAL HEALTH, MATERNAL MORTALITY, MOTHER, MOTHERHOOD, MOTHERS, NURSES, NUTRITION, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OCCUPATIONS, OLD AGE, OLD AGE PENSION, OLD AGE PENSIONS, PENSION, PENSIONS, PHYSICIANS, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POVERTY INTERVENTIONS, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POWER OF WOMEN, PREGNANCIES, PREGNANCY, PRENATAL CARE, PRODUCTIVE ASSETS, PROGRAM DESIGNS, PROTECTION SYSTEM, PROTECTION SYSTEMS, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH CARE, RESOURCE ALLOCATION, SAFETY, SAVINGS, SCHOOL ATTENDANCE, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SEX, SEXUAL VIOLENCE, SITE FEEDING, SOCIAL ACTION, SOCIAL ACTION FUND, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SECURITY PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WELFARE, SSN, STRUCTURAL REFORMS, TARGETING, TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT, TRANSFER RECIPIENT, UNITED NATIONS, URBAN AREAS, VICTIMS, VOUCHERS, VULNERABLE GROUP, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WELFARE PROGRAMS, WILL, WOMAN, WOMEN'S HEALTH, WORK PROGRAMS, WORKS PROJECTS, WORLD FOOD PROGRAMME, YOUNG WOMEN