NDC Summary for Rice producing countries in Southeast Asia: Progress and Future Ambitions in Agriculture
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International Rice Research Institute
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Southeast Asia’s rice production systems represent a critical nexus between global food security and climate action, accounting for 26% of global rice production and 40% of international exports (FAO 2025), while functioning as a vital rice supplier to other regions including Africa and the Middle East (Baldwin et al. 2012). The seven major rice-producing nations of Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and the Philippines collectively manage over 38 million hectares of harvested rice area in 2023, making their climate commitments under the Paris Agreement particularly significant for global anthropogenic methane emission reductions. While rice cultivation contributes approximately 8% of global methane emissions, the sector’s substantial mitigation potential—estimated at up to 43% emission reductions through improved practices—positions these countries at the forefront of agricultural climate action (Ouyang et al. 2023; Sander, Wassmann, and Siopongco 2016). This policy note presents a systematic analysis of Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) 2.0 implementation across these seven rice producing nations.
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climate change, climate change mitigation