Migration and Economic Development in Kosovo
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Washington, DC
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Kosovo has one of the largest
international migration flows in the world. Much emigration
has been for economic reasons and to escape armed conflict
in the late 1990s; resolution of the conflict does not
appear to have offered migrants enough incentive to return.
Even though migration slowed with the global economic
crisis, a reported 3.5 percent of the working population
aged 15 and above have expressed interest in emigrating in
the next 12 months. The first objective of this study is to
illustrate the importance of migration and remittances for
Kosovo, drawing on data from recent surveys. The second is
to identify policies implemented in other countries that the
Kosovan authorities might find useful for maximizing the
benefits from its large migrant population. The study does
not specify policies the Kosovan authorities should adopt;
instead, it sets out policies and instruments the
authorities could consider if they wish to more tightly link
migration to development. The study has two parts. The first
describes migration and remittances trends in Kosovo and
links them to labor outcomes, poverty, and investment. The
second presents migration policies other countries have
introduced, including some countries that are, like Kosovo,
small, post-conflict, developing countries with a large
diaspora in developed countries.
Palabras clave
ABUSE, ACCOUNTING, ARMED CONFLICT, ATM, BALANCE OF PAYMENTS, BANK ACCOUNTS, BANK BRANCH, BANK BRANCHES, BANK PROFITS, BANKING SECTOR, BANKING SERVICES, BANKING SYSTEM, BANKS, BARRIERS TO INFORMATION, BEST PRACTICE, BRAIN DRAIN, CAPACITY BUILDING, CHILD CARE, CITIZENS, CONSUMER, CONSUMER GOODS, CONTRIBUTION, COUNTRIES OF DESTINATION, COUNTRY OF DESTINATION, COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, CREDIT CARDS, CREDIT UNIONS, CURRENCY, CURRICULUM, DEBIT CARDS, DEPOSIT, DEPOSITS, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DISABILITY, DISSEMINATION, DIVERSIFICATION, DURABLE GOOD, DURABLE GOODS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS, ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EMIGRATION POLICIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY, EXCHANGE RATE, EXTERNAL FINANCING, FAMILY MEMBER, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY REUNIFICATION, FINANCIAL EDUCATION, FINANCIAL INCENTIVES, FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS, FINANCIAL LITERACY, FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL PRACTICES, FINANCIAL PRODUCTS, FINANCIAL RESOURCES, FINANCIAL SECTOR, FINANCIAL SERVICES, FOREIGN CURRENCY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FORMAL EDUCATION, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, GOVERNMENT POLICIES, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH EDUCATION, HEALTH INSURANCE, HEALTH PROBLEMS, HOME COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRIES, HOST COUNTRY, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURES, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN RIGHTS, IMMIGRANTS, IMMIGRATION, IMPACT OF MIGRATION, IMPORTANT POLICY, INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMED DECISION, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION, INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION, INVESTING, INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITIES, IRREGULAR MIGRATION, JOB-SEEKERS, LABOR CODE, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LABOR UNIONS, LABOUR MARKETS, LAWS, LEGAL MIGRANTS, LEGAL STATUS, LEGISLATION, LIVING CONDITIONS, LIVING STANDARDS, LOAN, LOCAL BANKS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOW-INCOME, LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, MICROFINANCE, MIGRANT, MIGRANT POPULATIONS, MIGRANT WORKERS, MIGRANT-SENDING COUNTRIES, MIGRANTS, MIGRATION, MIGRATION DATA, MIGRATION FLOWS, MIGRATION POLICIES, MIGRATION POLICY, MIGRATION PROCESS, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, MONTHLY INCOME, MORTGAGE LOANS, MUTUAL FUND, NATIONAL BANK, NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, NATIONAL STRATEGY, NATIONALS, NATURAL DISASTERS, NUMBER OF MIGRANTS, NUMBER OF WORKERS, NURSE, NURSES, OUTREACH ACTIVITIES, PENSION, PENSIONS, PERMANENT RESIDENCE, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLITICAL SUPPORT, POTENTIAL MIGRANTS, PROBABILITY, PRODUCTIVITY, PROTECTION OF MIGRANTS, PUBLIC INFORMATION, PUBLIC INFORMATION CAMPAIGNS, PUBLIC POLICIES, PUBLIC SERVICE, PURCHASES, RADIO, RADIO PROGRAM, RECESSION, REFUGEES, REMITTANCE, REMITTANCES, REPATRIATION, RESIDENCE STATUS, RETURN MIGRATION, RETURN OF MIGRANTS, RETURNEES, RURAL AREAS, SALARY, SALE, SAVINGS, SAVINGS ACCOUNTS, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SECONDARY SCHOOLS, SELF-EMPLOYMENT, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SKILL DEVELOPMENT, SKILL LEVEL, SKILLED MIGRANTS, SKILLED WORKERS, SMALL BUSINESS, SMALL BUSINESSES, SMALL ENTREPRENEURS, SOCIAL CONDITIONS, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, SPILLOVER, SUBSIDIARY, TEACHING MATERIALS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TECHNICAL EDUCATION, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TRAINING CENTERS, TRAINING PROGRAM, TRAINING PROGRAMS, TRANSACTION, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSACTION FEES, TRANSPORT, UNDOCUMENTED MIGRATION, UNEMPLOYED, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, UNIONS, UPWARD MOBILITY, URBAN AREAS, VALUABLE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABLE GROUPS, WAGE, WAGES, WAR, WITHDRAWAL, WOMEN MIGRANTS, WORK FORCE, WORKING AGE, WORKING AGE POPULATION, WORKING POPULATION, YOUNG PEOPLE