India : Alleviating Poverty through Forest Development
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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This case study, one of six evaluations
in a series of country case studies, aims to understand the
implementation of the 1991 Forest Strategy in World Bank
operations and to obtain the views of the various
stakeholders in the country about the involvement of the
Bank. Each country study examines the overall development of
the country's forest sector. This naturally includes
the environmental impacts on forests, such as degradation,
bio-diversity loss, and deforestation as well as
encompassing the economic uses of forests, particularly the
management of forest resources for production, the role of
forest development in poverty alleviation, and the impacts
of forest research and development. The report takes a
multi-disciplinary approach that discusses economic, social,
political, institutional, and financial issues, and is based
on evidence from the literature; review of project documents
and files; extensive interviews with Bank and other donor
agency staff, specialists, forest officials, beneficiaries;
and field visits. The report analyzes the interactions among
the Bank's country assistance strategy, economic and
sector work, policy dialogue, and their lending portfolio.
The review is divided into two parts. Part 1 surveys the
changing state of the forests in India. It explores causes
of change in the extent and the quality of the forest cover.
Part 2 explores the World Bank's lending and
non-lending activities before and after the Bank's 1991
Forest Strategy.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO FORESTS, AFFORESTATION, AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL, ANIMAL HUSBANDRY, AREAS OF FOREST, BAMBOO, BASELINE DATA, BASES, BEAR, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY LOSS, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, CALCULATION, CANOPY COVER, CARBON, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COLORS, COMMERCIAL LOGGING, COMMERCIAL VALUE, CONSERVATION EFFORTS, CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES, CONSERVATOR, CONSERVATOR OF FORESTS, CORRIDOR AREAS, COUNTRY'S FOREST RESOURCES, CULTIVATION, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADATION, DEGRADED AREAS, DEGRADED FOREST, DEGRADED FOREST AREA, DEGRADED FOREST LANDS, DEGRADED FORESTS, DEMAND FOR WOOD, DENSE FOREST, DRINKING WATER, DRY LANDS, EDC, ENCROACHMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, ENVIRONMENTAL DETERIORATION, ENVIRONMENTAL FUNCTIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EROSION, EUCALYPTUS, FARM FORESTRY, FAUNA, FERTILIZERS, FIELD RESEARCH, FLORA, FODDER, FOREST, FOREST ACT, FOREST AREAS, FOREST CANOPY, FOREST COMMITTEE, FOREST CONSERVATION, FOREST CONSERVATION ACT, FOREST CORPORATIONS, FOREST COVER, FOREST COVERS, FOREST DEGRADATION, FOREST DEPARTMENT, FOREST DEVELOPMENT, FOREST DWELLERS, FOREST FIRES, FOREST LAND, FOREST LANDS, FOREST LAW, FOREST LAWS, FOREST LEGISLATION, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST OFFICER, FOREST OFFICERS, FOREST OFFICIALS, FOREST POLICIES, FOREST POLICY, FOREST PRESERVATION, FOREST PRODUCT, FOREST PRODUCTS, FOREST PROJECTS, FOREST PROTECTION, FOREST PROTECTION COMMITTEE, FOREST PROTECTION COMMITTEES, FOREST RESEARCH, FOREST RESOURCES, FOREST SECTOR, FOREST SECTOR ACTIVITIES, FOREST SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, FOREST SECTOR MANAGEMENT, FOREST SECTORS, FOREST SERVICE, FOREST STAFF, FOREST STRATEGIES, FOREST STRATEGY, FOREST SURVEY, FOREST TYPE, FOREST USE, FORESTERS, FORESTRY, FORESTRY ISSUES, FORESTRY OPERATIONS, FORESTRY PROGRAM, FORESTRY PROJECT, FORESTRY PROJECTS, FORESTRY RESEARCH, FORESTS, FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS, FUELS, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACILITY, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER RECHARGE, INDUSTRIAL WOOD PRODUCTS, LAND AREA, LAND AREAS, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND USE, LIVESTOCK, LOGGING, LOGGING EQUIPMENT, LOGS, MEDICINAL PLANTS, NATIONAL FOREST, NATIONAL FORESTRY, NATIONAL FORESTS, NATIONAL PARKS, NATURAL FOREST, NATURAL FOREST MANAGEMENT, NATURAL FORESTS, NATURAL REGENERATION, NATURAL RESOURCES, OIL EXTRACTION, PASTURES, PLANTING, PRESERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, PRIVATE FORESTS, RATE OF DEFORESTATION, RATES OF DEFORESTATION, REGENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RESERVED FORESTS, ROADS, SANCTUARIES, SANCTUARY, SET ASIDE, SHIFTING CULTIVATION, SILVICULTURE, SOCIAL FORESTRY, SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SPECIES OF TREES, STATE FOREST, STATE FOREST DEPARTMENTS, STATE FORESTRY, SUGARCANE, SURVIVAL RATE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE FOREST, SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT, TIMBER, TIMBER FOREST, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT, TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS, TIMBER HARVEST, TIMBER IMPORTS, TIMBER PRODUCTION, TIMBER SUPPLY, TREE, TREE PLANTING, TREE SPECIES, TREES, TROPICAL FORESTS, TROPICAL MOIST FORESTS, URBAN AREAS, VILLAGE FOREST, VILLAGES, WASTELANDS, WATERSHED, WILDLIFE, WILDLIFE REFUGE, WILDLIFE SANCTUARIES, WOOD, WOOD PRODUCT, WOOD PRODUCTS