Who Cares about Relative Deprivation?
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Theories of relative deprivation predict negative welfare effects when friends and neighbors become better-off. Other theories point to likely positive benefits. The authors encompass both views within a single model, which motivates their tests using a survey for Malawi that collected data on satisfaction with life, own economic welfare, and the perceived welfare of friends and neighbors. Their methods help address likely biases in past tests found in the literature. In marked contrast to research for industrial countries, the authors find that relative deprivation is generally not a concern for most of their sample, although it does appear to matter to the comparatively well off. Their results provide a welfarist explanation for the priority given to absolute poverty in poor countries. The pattern of externalities also suggests that there will be too much poverty and inequality in this economy, even judged solely from the point of view of aggregate efficiency.
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ABSOLUTE POVERTY, AGRICULTURE, CONSUMER DEMAND, CONSUMPTION CHOICES, CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE, DEFLATORS, DEMAND BEHAVIOR, DEMAND FUNCTIONS, DEMOGRAPHIC COMPOSITION, DEPENDENT VARIABLE, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT POLICY, DIRECT UTILITY FUNCTION, DURABLE GOODS, ECONOMETRIC MODEL, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC THEORIES, ECONOMIC WELFARE, ECONOMICS LITERATURE, EMPIRICAL APPROACHES, EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE, EMPIRICAL STUDIES, EMPIRICAL WORK, EXTERNALITIES, HETEROGENEITY, HOUSEHOLD EXPENDITURE, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD MEMBERS, HOUSEHOLD SURVEY, INCOME, INCOME EFFECT, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME LEVEL, INCOMES, INDIRECT UTILITY, INDIRECT UTILITY FUNCTION, INDIVIDUAL WELFARE, INEQUALITY, INFORMAL INSURANCE, INSURERS, LIVING STANDARDS, LIVING STANDARDS MEASUREMENT, LOG INCOME, LOW INCOMES, MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME, MARGINAL UTILITY, MEAN CONSUMPTION, MEAN INCOME, MEASUREMENT ERRORS, MEASURING POVERTY, MONETARY VALUE, NATURE, NEGATIVE COEFFICIENT, NEGATIVE EFFECT, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES, NEGATIVE EXTERNALITY, NET ROLE, NON-FOOD ITEMS, POLICY RESEARCH, POOR AREAS, POOR COUNTRIES, POOR PEOPLE, POPULATION CENSUS, POSITIVE EFFECT, POSITIVE EFFECTS, POSITIVE EXTERNALITIES, POSITIVE EXTERNALITY, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY REDUCTION, PUBLIC GOOD, PUBLIC GOODS, REAL INCOME, RELATIVE POSITION, RELATIVE POVERTY, RISK SHARING, RURAL AREAS, RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, STRATIFIED SAMPLE, SURVEY DATA, TRANSITION ECONOMY, URBAN AREAS, UTILITY FUNCTION, VARIETY, WAGES, WEALTH, WESTERN EUROPE