The World Bank's GEF Program in the Middle East and North Africa Region : Global Environmental Benefits Contributing to National Development Goals
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The report focuses on the two decades
of the World Bank - Global Environment Facility (GEF)
partnership with the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)
countries. This partnership has had a global environmental
impact by working both at the local and national level and
engaging all relevant partners and stakeholders. In
addition, many GEF financed operations stand as examples of
what a more holistic approach can achieve in terms of
innovation and catalyzing greater investment. These
operations have also delivered important social benefits
such as job creation, enhanced economic and social
inclusion, and strengthened governance capabilities.
Presently the region s most pressing environmental
challenges stem from rapid urbanization and its resulting
infrastructure needs, industrial pollution, overexploitation
of scarce water resources, the unsustainable management of
fragile ecosystem resources and vulnerability to climate
variability and climate change. Decision makers working to
address these problems also face many tightly linked and
urgent social issues. These issues include meeting the
aspirations of a quickly growing urban youth population;
giving voice to gender and women s issues; finding ways to
spur job growth; and reversing the poor provision of basic
services. This publication also points to opportunities for
further World Bank - GEF cooperation in support of green growth.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO ENERGY, ACCESS TO ENERGY SERVICES, ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY, AGRICULTURE, ANIMAL FEEDING, APPROACH, ARABLE LAND, ARCHEOLOGICAL SITES, AVAILABILITY, BARLEY, BAY, BIODIVERSITY, BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION, BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BIOMASS, BIOSPHERE, BIRDS, CANCER, CARBON, CARBON CONTENT, CARBON ECONOMY, CARBON FOOTPRINT, CARBON SEQUESTRATION, CHEMICALS, CLEAN ENERGY, CLEAN TECHNOLOGY, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE SCENARIOS, CLIMATIC CHANGES, CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, CO2, COAST, COASTAL AREAS, COASTAL HABITATS, COASTAL ZONE, COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT, COASTAL ZONES, COMMERCIAL ENERGY, COMMERCIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY, COMPOSTING, CONSERVATION, CONSTRUCTION, CROPS, CURRENTS, DESALINATION, DESALINATION PLANTS, DESERTS, DISCHARGE, DROUGHT, DUMPS, ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY, ECOLOGICAL SYSTEMS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, ECOSYSTEM, ECOSYSTEMS, EFFICIENT USE, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ELECTRICITY SUPPLY, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, ENDEMIC SPECIES, ENERGY CONSERVATION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY EFFICIENCY INVESTMENTS, ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES, ENERGY GENERATION, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SERVICE, ENERGY SOURCES, ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES, ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT, ENVIRONMENTAL INTEGRITY, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, ENVIRONMENTS, EROSION, EXPLOITATION, FISHERIES, FISHING, FOOD CHAIN, FOREST, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUELS, FRESHWATER, FRESHWATER WETLANDS, FRUITS, GAS, GAS RESERVES, GAS TURBINE, GEOTHERMAL POWER, GHG, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS, GRASSLANDS, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE-GAS, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HEAT, HIGHLANDS, HUMAN ACTIVITIES, HUMAN HEALTH, HUMID ZONES, IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL POLLUTION, INVASIVE SPECIES, INVESTMENTS IN ENERGY, LAKES, LAND DEGRADATION, LAND MANAGEMENT, LIVING STANDARDS, LOSS OF BIODIVERSITY, LOW-CARBON, MANGROVES, MARINE ECOSYSTEMS, MARINE ENVIRONMENT, MARINE ENVIRONMENTS, MARINE RESOURCES, MITIGATION, MOUNTAINS, NATIONAL PARKS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS, NATURAL ENVIRONMENT, NATURAL GAS, NATURAL HERITAGE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEGATIVE IMPACTS, OIL, OIL PRODUCTION, OIL RESERVES, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC POLLUTANTS, OVERGRAZING, PCB, PESTICIDES, PLOTS, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POLLUTION CONTROL, POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER BLOCK, POWER GENERATION, POWER GENERATION PROGRAM, POWER PLANT, POWER PLANTS, POWER PROJECT, PRECIPITATION, PRESERVATION, PRODUCTION COSTS, PUBLIC HEALTH, RAIN, RAINFALL, RAW MATERIAL, REFINERIES, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE ENERGY MARKET, RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES, RENEWABLE RESOURCES, RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, RESTORATION, RIVER, RURAL ELECTRIFICATION, SALT MARSHES, SAND, SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE, SEA LEVEL RISE, SEDIMENT, SOIL CARBON, SOLAR ENERGY, SOLAR POWER, SOLAR RADIATION, SOLAR RESOURCES, SOLAR THERMAL, SOLAR WATER HEATING, SPECIES, STEAM TURBINE, STEAM TURBINES, SURFACE WATER, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT, SUSTAINABLE USE, TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE, TEMPERATURE, THERMAL ENERGY, THERMAL PLANT, TIN, TOXIC SUBSTANCES, TRANSPORT SECTOR, UNDERGROUND WATER, UNEMPLOYMENT, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTEWATER TREATMENT, WATERSHED, WATERWAYS, WEATHER PATTERNS, WETLAND, WETLAND RESERVE, WETLANDS, WETLANDS MANAGEMENT, WIND, WIND POWER