Geography, Institutions, and Global Cropland Dynamics
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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The paper studies the dynamics of
agricultural land use at the global scale as measured from
space using satellite imagery between 2003 and 2018. It
shows large global movements in and out of cropland and
correlates these movements with biophysical, economic, and
institutional variables. The empirical identification of
these effects relies on a two-stage approach that
disentangles the effect of local geography from
national-level characteristics. The paper finds that weak
land governance, inequality, and pressure on land resources
contribute to land degradation but are less able to explain
movements into cropland which could more likely reflect
national policies.