Empowering Women : Legal Rights and Economic Opportunities in Africa

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dc.creatorHallward-Driemeier, Mary
dc.creatorHasan, Tazeen
dc.date2012-12-11T20:16:16Z
dc.date2012-12-11T20:16:16Z
dc.date2012-10-04
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:48:40Z
dc.descriptionThis book looks at the effect of legal and economic rights on women's economic opportunities. It focuses on entrepreneurship because women in Africa are active entrepreneurs, and the links between property rights and the ability to enter contracts in one's own name affect entrepreneurial activities. The laws that are the focus of this book are not business laws and regulations, which are generally gender blind and presuppose that individuals can own property or enter into contracts. Instead, the book examines family, inheritance, and land laws, which oft en restrict these rights in ways that hurt women. This book surveys constitutions and statutes in all 47 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa to document where gender gaps in these laws impinge on women's legal capacity, property rights, or both. The book also looks at some labor law issues, such as restrictions on the types of industries or hours of work in which women may engage and provisions for equal pay for work of equal value. These laws affect women as employees and influence the attractiveness of wage employment versus entrepreneurship. They were also selected because they affect the choice of enterprise women may run. The equal pay for work of equal value provisions are also of interest as an indicator of the recognition of women's broader economic rights. This book provides a series of indicators that show whether a country does or does not provide particular legal provisions. Several points are worth emphasizing in interpreting these indicators. First, the indicators are binary; there is no attempt to differentiate between small and large gender gaps. Second, the indicators are not used to generate an index or otherwise aggregate the indicators; no weights are given to differentiate the relative importance of different sets of laws. Third, the indicators reflect whether certain legal provisions are recognized in a country or not; because the link between the indicator and gender gaps is not always straightforward, care must be taken in making value judgments. Although some indicators reveal that women are treated equally or identify gender differences in treatment, others do not. Although recognition of these sources of law can have implications for women's rights, it does not necessarily imply that women's rights are stronger or weaker. Conversely, the inclusion of some protections for women's rights may reflect not the strong standing of women but rather the fact that gender equality is not seen as axiomatic and needs to be explicitly stated. Second and third chapters focus on formal rights and how they have been upheld in court decisions. Fourth chapter examines the gap between laws on the books and practice on the ground. Fifth chapter looks at how both the substance of law and women's access to justice issues can be improved to expand women's ability to pursue economic opportunities.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2012/10/16800303/empowering-women-legal-rights-economic-opportunities-africa
dc.identifier978-0-8213-9533-2
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/11960
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-9533-2
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/411357
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen_US
dc.publisherWashington, DC: World Bank
dc.relationAfrica Development Forum;
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL PROTECTION
dc.subjectANNUAL GROWTH
dc.subjectBARRIERS TO ENTRY
dc.subjectBONDS
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLE
dc.subjectBUSINESS CYCLES
dc.subjectCAPITAL FLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL GOODS
dc.subjectCAPITAL INFLOWS
dc.subjectCAPITAL MARKETS
dc.subjectCONSUMER PRICE INDEX
dc.subjectCONSUMERS
dc.subjectCPI
dc.subjectDEBT
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRIES
dc.subjectDEVELOPING COUNTRY
dc.subjectDEVELOPING REGIONS
dc.subjectDEVELOPING WORLD
dc.subjectDEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS
dc.subjectDIVERSIFICATION
dc.subjectDIVIDENDS
dc.subjectECONOMIC COOPERATION
dc.subjectECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectECONOMIC INSTABILITY
dc.subjectECONOMIC INTEGRATION
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATE
dc.subjectEXCHANGE RATES
dc.subjectEXPORT GROWTH
dc.subjectEXPORTS
dc.subjectEXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT
dc.subjectEXTERNAL FACTORS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL INTEGRATION
dc.subjectFINANCIAL MARKETS
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SECTOR
dc.subjectFINANCIAL SYSTEM
dc.subjectFISCAL PRESSURES
dc.subjectFORECASTS
dc.subjectFREE TRADE
dc.subjectGDP
dc.subjectGENERALIZED SYSTEM OF PREFERENCES
dc.subjectGLOBAL CONDITIONS
dc.subjectGLOBAL ECONOMY
dc.subjectGNP
dc.subjectGROSS DEBT
dc.subjectGROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
dc.subjectGROWTH PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectGROWTH PROSPECTS
dc.subjectGROWTH RATES
dc.subjectHIGH INFLATION
dc.subjectHIGH PREMIUM
dc.subjectHIGH UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectIMPORTS
dc.subjectINCOME
dc.subjectINCOME GROWTH
dc.subjectINDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
dc.subjectINFLATION
dc.subjectINFLATION PERFORMANCE
dc.subjectINFLATION RATES
dc.subjectINTEREST RATES
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL MARKETS
dc.subjectINTERNATIONAL TRADE
dc.subjectINVENTORIES
dc.subjectINVESTMENT RATES
dc.subjectLABOR COSTS
dc.subjectLABOR FORCE
dc.subjectLABOR MARKET
dc.subjectLOCAL CURRENCY
dc.subjectLOW INFLATION
dc.subjectLOW INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectLOW-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC POLICIES
dc.subjectMACROECONOMIC STABILITY
dc.subjectMARKET PRICES
dc.subjectMIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES
dc.subjectMONETARY POLICIES
dc.subjectMONETARY POLICY
dc.subjectNATIONAL ACCOUNTS
dc.subjectNON-OECD COUNTRIES
dc.subjectOIL
dc.subjectOIL EXPORTERS
dc.subjectOIL PRICES
dc.subjectOPEC
dc.subjectOPEN ECONOMIES
dc.subjectOUTPUT GROWTH
dc.subjectPER CAPITA INCOMES
dc.subjectPOLICY REFORMS
dc.subjectPOTENTIAL OUTPUT
dc.subjectPRIMARY COMMODITIES
dc.subjectPRIMARY PRODUCTS
dc.subjectPRIVATE SECTOR
dc.subjectPRODUCERS
dc.subjectPRODUCT MARKETS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION COSTS
dc.subjectPRODUCTION PROCESSES
dc.subjectPRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER
dc.subjectPURCHASING POWER PARITY
dc.subjectREAL GDP
dc.subjectREAL INTEREST
dc.subjectREAL INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectRECESSION
dc.subjectRECESSIONS
dc.subjectREGULATORY FRAMEWORK
dc.subjectRESOURCE ALLOCATION
dc.subjectSAVINGS
dc.subjectSHORT-TERM INTEREST RATES
dc.subjectSTRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectTECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
dc.subjectTELECOMMUNICATIONS
dc.subjectTRADE BARRIERS
dc.subjectTRADE LIBERALIZATION
dc.subjectTRADE POLICIES
dc.subjectTRADE VOLUMES
dc.subjectTRANSITION ECONOMIES
dc.subjectTREASURY BILLS
dc.subjectUNEMPLOYMENT
dc.subjectURUGUAY ROUND
dc.subjectWORLD ECONOMY
dc.subjectWORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION
dc.subjectWTO
dc.titleEmpowering Women : Legal Rights and Economic Opportunities in Africa

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