Planning for a Low Carbon Future
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Washington, DC
Resumen
Descripción
Developing countries are faced with the
dual challenge of reducing poverty while improving
management of natural capital and mitigating the emission of
greenhouse gases (GHGs) and local pollutants. The challenge
is particularly acute for large, rapidly growing economies,
such as India, China, and Brazil. In response to this
challenge, Energy Sector Management assistance Program
(ESMAP) and the World Bank began in 2007 to provide support
to countries to develop long term frameworks for reducing
GHG emissions in a way that is compatible with economic
growth objectives and tied to national and sectoral plans.
In total, seven studies were conducted between 2007 and
2010, for the following countries: Brazil, China, India,
Indonesia, Mexico, Poland, and South Africa. This report
collates the lessons learned from these studies and is
intended as a practical guide for government officials,
practitioners, and development agencies involved in low
carbon development planning. The low carbon studies were
tailored to the individual needs of each country involved.
In Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, and Poland the studies
took the form of an economy-wide analysis of low carbon
growth potential, employing a range of data and modeling
tools. The governments of China and South Africa conducted
their own analyses, but requested the assistance of ESMAP
and the World Bank for peer review and to get international
expertise on specific focus areas, such as energy efficiency
and renewable energy. The combined outputs, and the modeling
tools developed as part of the program, represent a
significant contribution to international efforts on climate
change mitigation and low carbon development.
Palabras clave
ABSOLUTE EMISSIONS, ACCESSIBILITY, AFFORESTATION, AIR, AIR CONDITIONING, ALLOCATION, ANNUAL EMISSIONS, APPROACH, AVAILABILITY, BENEFIT ANALYSIS, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BUS, BUS SYSTEM, CAP AND TRADE SYSTEMS, CARBON, CARBON BALANCE, CARBON CONTENT, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON ECONOMY, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON MITIGATION, CARBON MODELING, CARBON OFFSETS, CARBON POLICIES, CARBON PRICE, CARBON PRICES, CARBON REMOVAL, CARBON TECHNOLOGIES, CARBON UPTAKE, CARS, CEMENT, CEMENT INDUSTRY, CHARCOAL PRODUCTION, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES, CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION, CLIMATE CHANGE NEGOTIATIONS, CLIMATE RESPONSE, CO, CO2, COAL, COAL MINING, COGENERATION, COST-BENEFIT, COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS, COSTS OF ABATEMENT, CRUDE OIL, DEFORESTATION, DEMAND FOR ELECTRICITY, DEMAND FOR ENERGY, DIESEL, DISCOUNT RATE, DISCOUNT RATES, DRIVERS, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC CIRCUMSTANCES, ECONOMIC COSTS, ECONOMIC DATA, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC IMPACT, ECONOMIC IMPACTS, ECONOMICS, ECONOMY-WIDE IMPACTS, EFFICIENCY GAINS, EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, ELECTRICITY DEMAND, ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION, ELECTRICITY SYSTEM, EMISSION, EMISSION LEVELS, EMISSION REDUCTION, EMISSION REDUCTION POTENTIAL, EMISSIONS FROM AGRICULTURE, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD, EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRANSPORT, EMISSIONS MITIGATION, EMISSIONS PROFILE, EMISSIONS REDUCTION, EMISSIONS SAVINGS, ENERGY CONSUMERS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENERGY DEMAND, ENERGY EFFICIENCY, ENERGY INTENSITY, ENERGY POLICY, ENERGY SAVINGS, ENERGY SECURITY, ENERGY SUPPLY, ENERGY SYSTEMS, ENERGY USE, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, EQUILIBRIUM, ETHANOL, EXTERNALITIES, EXTREME WEATHER, EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS, FEASIBILITY, FINANCIAL IMPACTS, FOREST, FOREST MANAGEMENT, FOREST RESERVES, FORESTRY, FORESTS, FOSSIL, FOSSIL FUEL, FOSSIL FUEL ENERGY, FOSSIL FUEL PRICES, FOSSIL FUELS, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FREIGHT, FUEL CONSUMPTION, FUEL COSTS, FUEL ECONOMY, FUEL PRICES, FUEL SWITCHING, FUEL TYPE, FUEL USE, FUELS, GAS PRODUCTION, GASOLINE, GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL, GHG, GHGS, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GASES, GROUND CARBON, HOUSEHOLD BEHAVIOR, INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS, INSPECTION, INVESTMENT DECISIONS, JOBS, LAND FOR AGRICULTURE, LAND USE, LAND USE CHANGE, LANDFILL, LANDFILL METHANE, LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS, LIQUID WASTE, LOW CARBON ECONOMY, LOW CARBON TECHNOLOGIES, LOWER CARBON EMISSIONS, MARGINAL ABATEMENT, MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST, MARGINAL ABATEMENT COSTS, MARKET INSTRUMENTS, MEANS OF TRANSPORT, MINES, MODAL SHIFT, MULTIPLIERS, NATIONAL ACCOUNTS, NATURAL CAPITAL, NATURAL GAS, NONMOTORIZED TRANSPORT, NUCLEAR POWER, OIL PRODUCTION, PASSENGER TRIPS, PASSENGER VEHICLE, POLICY RESPONSE, POLLUTANTS, POLLUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POWER GENERATION, POWER PLANTS, POWER SECTOR, PRESENT COST, PRESENT VALUE, PROPERTY OWNERS, RAILWAY, RAINFALL, RAPID TRANSIT, REDUCING EMISSIONS, REFRIGERATION, REGIONAL TRANSPORT, RENEWABLE ENERGY, RENEWABLE SOURCES, RESIDENTIAL SECTORS, RESPONSE TO CLIMATE CHANGE, ROAD, ROAD TRANSPORT, ROAD TRANSPORT EMISSIONS, SAFETY, SANITATION, SCENARIOS, SECTORAL RESULTS, SENSITIVITY ANALYSES, SPILLOVER EFFECTS, STREAMS, STREET LIGHTING, SUPPLY CURVE, SUPPLY CURVES, SUPPLY SIDE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT, TEMPERATURE, TRAFFIC, TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSPARENCY, TRANSPORT PLANNING, TRANSPORT PRICING, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORTATION, UNCERTAINTIES, UNEP, URBAN TRANSPORT, VARIABLE COST, VEHICLE, VEHICLE EFFICIENCY, VEHICLE FUEL, VEHICLE FUEL CONSUMPTION, VEHICLE OWNERSHIP, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WEALTH, WIND, WIND FARMS, WIND POWER