Dietary modulation of the rumen microbiome drives the expression of metabolic and methanogenic pathways in Bos indicus.

SILVA, J. V. da; CONTEVILLE, L. C.; BRUSCADIN, J. J.; CARDOSO, T. F.; PORTO, T.; OLIVEIRA, P. S. N. de; ZERLOTINI NETO, A.; MEDEIROS, S. R. de; MOURÃO, G. B.; COUTINHO, L. L.; PALHARES, J. C. P.; BERNDT, A.; GUAN, L. L.; ANDRADE, B. G. N.; REGITANO, L. C. de A.

Dietary modulation of the rumen microbiome drives the expression of metabolic and methanogenic pathways in Bos indicus.

Autores

OLIVEIRA, P. S. N. de

Descripción

ABSTRACT. Diet influences ruminal methane emissions by modulating the compositionand activity of the rumen microbiome. However, how diet shapes the functional capacityof the rumen microbiome in Nelore cattle (Bos indicus), a key tropical beef breed, remainsunclear. This study used metatranscriptomics to investigate how dietary supplementation with agro-industrial by-products affects the active rumen microbiome and itsassociation with residual methane emissions. Rumen samples from 50 Nelore cattle fedeither a conventional or by-product-based diet revealed that the active microbiome wasdominated by bacteria (88.4% ± 3.16%) and archaea (11.6% ± 3.16%), with no significanttaxonomic differences between diets. Despite this, functional profiling identified genesfrom 193 pathways and 3,512 gene families, with distinct metabolic signatures betweendiets. Specifically, six pathways and 87 gene families were unique to the conventionaldiet, while seven pathways and 210 gene families were unique to the by-product diet.The associations between gene families enriched under each diet with residual methaneemission revealed that the expression of two gene families exhibited negative correlations, while five were positively correlated with methane emission under conventionaldiet. In the by-product diet, we identified five gene families positively associated withmethane emissions and 14 negatively associated. These results demonstrate that dietalters rumen microbial functions with methane mitigation potential, without affectingtaxonomic composition.
Na publicação: Adhemar Zerlotini.

Palabras clave

Polpa cítrica, Mudanças induzidas pela dieta, Gases do efeito estufa, Metatranscriptoma, Expressão gênica do microbioma, Farinha de amendoim, Emissão de metano residual, Fermentação ruminal, Diet-induced changes, Metatranscriptome, Microbiome gene expression, Residual methane emission, Ruminal fermentation, Gado de Corte, Bos Indicus, Beef cattle, Citrus pulp, Greenhouse gases, Gene expression, Peanut meal