Estimating and Forecasting Imputations in U.S. Agriculture’s Valued Added Accounts: The Case of Rent
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Explicit rental income is a market-determined measure of the income farmers pay for the rental
services they receive as tenants living in dwellings owned by others. Imputed rental income
measures the income farmers “pay” for the rental services they receive as tenants living in
dwellings which the farm operation owns. It is “imputed” in that its value is not directly
observable in the marketplace. Including imputed rental income when accounting for the farm
sector’s value added increases the value of agricultural sector production and net farm income.
The share of the value of agricultural sector production contributed by gross imputed rental value
income is inversely related to the size of the farm operation. Both the income returns to farm
business assets (ROA) and income returns to farm equity (ROE) are larger when omitting
imputed rental income. However, including net imputed rental income stabilizes net farm
income over time. Given that imputed rental income is a measure of economic activity rather
than returns to farm business investment, the USDA does not include imputed rental income in
its calculation of farm sector ROA and ROE.