The Effects of Differential Exposure to COVID-19 on Educational Outcomes in Guatemala

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dc.creatorHam, Andres
dc.creatorVazquez, Emmanuel
dc.creatorYanez-Pagans, Monica
dc.date2023-02-15T21:31:53Z
dc.date2023-03-06T16:06:32Z
dc.date2023-02-15T21:31:53Z
dc.date2023-03-06T16:06:32Z
dc.date2023-02
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T00:36:36Z
dc.descriptionThis paper studies the effects of differential exposure to COVID-19 on educational outcomes in Guatemala. The government adopted a warning index (ranging from 0 to 10) to classify municipalities by infection rates in 2020, which was then used by the Ministry of Education in 2021 to establish a “stoplight” system for in-person instruction. Using administrative panel data for all students in Guatemala, the study employs a difference-in-differences strategy that leverages municipal differences over time in the warning index to estimate the effects of the pandemic on dropout, promotion, and school switching. The results show that municipalities with a higher warning index had significantly larger dropout, lower promotion rates, and a greater share of students switching from private to public schools. These effects were more pronounced during the first year of the pandemic. The findings show differential effects by the level of instruction, with greater losses for younger children in initial and primary education. The results are robust to specification choice, multiple hypothesis adjustments, and placebo experiments, suggesting that the pandemic has had heterogeneous consequences.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/099328302152325447/IDU0dea7cb7a0fb2904d5209894085b37e7db944
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/39443
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-10308
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/407265
dc.languageEnglish
dc.languageen
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Papers;10308
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectCOVID-19 IMPACT ON EDUCATION
dc.subjectEDUCATION
dc.subjectDROPOUT RATE
dc.subjectGRADE PROMOTION DURING PANDEMIC
dc.subjectSCHOOL SWITCHING
dc.subjectCOVID IMPACE ON STUDENT LEARNING
dc.subjectGOVERNMENT EDUCATION POLICY
dc.subjectCOVID-19 DIFFERENTIAL EXPOSURE
dc.titleThe Effects of Differential Exposure to COVID-19 on Educational Outcomes in Guatemala
dc.typeWorking Paper
dc.typeDocument de travail
dc.typeDocumento de trabajo

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