Achieving Roma Inclusion in Romania : What Does It Take?
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Washington, DC
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Romanian Roma families today constitute
a large, young, and extremely poor ethnic minority group,
facing exclusion from markets and services. Investments in
Roma inclusion are essential for Romania to achieve its
Europe 2020 social inclusion goals, and the considerable
returns on such investments will lay a more solid foundation
for achieving sustained, shared prosperity across Romanian
society. Therefore, Roma inclusion is not only a moral
imperative, but also smart economics for Romania. This
report discusses what it will take for Romania to achieve
the socioeconomic inclusion of its Roma population. The
report identifies the most important socioeconomic
achievement gaps of Romanian Roma. It identifies obstacles
to Roma inclusion and examines the relevant institutional
framework. It draws policy recommendations based on the
observed gaps in outcomes and policies, informed by evidence
on what works from international experience. These
recommendations focus on providing support and enhancing
opportunities for the next generation of Roma while helping
to improve the living conditions of the current generation.
In this context, the report is organized as follows: chapter
one focuses on Roma inclusion is smart economics for
Romania; chapter two presents socioeconomic achievement gaps
of Roma; chapter three focuses on obstacles to Roma
inclusion; and chapter four presents priority interventions
and policy measures.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO HEALTH SERVICES, ADULT LITERACY, AGED, AGGRESSIVE, BASIC EDUCATION, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BIRTH CONTROL, BREASTFEEDING, CHILD DEVELOPMENT, CHILD HEALTH, CHILD MALNUTRITION, CHILDBEARING, CHILDREN IN PRESCHOOL, CHRONIC DISEASE, CITIZEN, CITIZENS, CITIZENSHIP, CIVIL SOCIETY ACTORS, CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS, CLASSROOM, CLASSROOMS, CLINICS, COGNITIVE SKILLS, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY HEALTH, COMPLETION RATE, COMPLETION RATES, COMPUTER LITERACY, COUNSELORS, CRIME, DECISION MAKING, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS, DEPENDENCY RATIO, DEPENDENCY RATIOS, DEVELOPMENT INTERVENTIONS, DEVELOPMENT POLICIES, DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES, DIET, DIETS, DISABILITIES, DISABILITY, DISADVANTAGED CHILDREN, DISCRIMINATION, DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES, DISSEMINATION, DRINKING WATER, DROPOUT, EARLY CHILD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT, EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION, EARLY CHILDHOOD YEARS, EARLY EDUCATION, EARLY MARRIAGE, EARLY YEARS OF LIFE, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT, EFFECTIVE POLICIES, ELDERLY, ELDERLY PEOPLE, ELDERLY PERSONS, EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT, EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES, ENROLLMENT RATE, ENROLLMENT RATES, EXISTING CAPACITY, EXISTING POPULATION, FAMILIES, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY PLANNING, FINANCIAL CONSTRAINTS, FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSIONS, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GIRLS, GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, HEALTH CARE, HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS, HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS, HEALTH FACILITIES, HEALTH OUTCOMES, HEALTH PROVIDERS, HEALTH SERVICES, HEALTH SYSTEM, HIGH-RISK BEHAVIORS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, ILLITERACY, ILLNESS, INCOME-GENERATING ACTIVITIES, INFECTIOUS DISEASES, INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS, INTERVENTION, ISOLATION, JOB CREATION, JOB OPPORTUNITIES, LABOR FORCE, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKETS, LACK OF AWARENESS, LACK OF INFORMATION, LARGE FAMILIES, LAWS, LEGAL STATUS, LEVELS OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIFE SKILLS, LIVING CONDITIONS, LOCAL AUTHORITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITIES, LOCAL COMMUNITY, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL INFRASTRUCTURE, LOCAL POPULATION, MANDATES, MEAT, MEDICAL CARE, MINORITY, MOTHER, NATIONAL COUNCIL, NATIONAL LAWS, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATIONAL POPULATION, NEEDS ASSESSMENT, NURSE, NUTRITION, OPEN SOCIETY, OPINION LEADERS, PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT, PARTICIPATION RATES, PATIENTS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, PHYSICIANS, POLICY FORMULATION, POLICY MAKERS, POOR FAMILIES, POOR HEALTH, POPULATION CENSUS, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION GROUPS, PRACTITIONERS, PREGNANCY, PRESCHOOL EDUCATION, PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT, PRIMARY SCHOOL, PROGRESS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICE, QUALITATIVE INFORMATION, QUALITY OF EDUCATION, QUALITY OF SERVICES, QUALITY PRESCHOOL, READING, RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES, REGIONAL POLICY, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH, REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH SERVICES, RESPECT, ROLE MODELS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL COMMUNITIES, RURAL DEVELOPMENT, SAFETY NET, SANITATION, SCHOOL HOURS, SCHOOL READINESS, SCHOOLING, SCHOOLS, SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE, SCREENING, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SECONDARY SCHOOL, SELF-ESTEEM, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE PROVISION, SERVICE QUALITY, SEXUAL ORIENTATION, SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS, SINGLE MOTHERS, SKILLS DEVELOPMENT, SKILLS TRAINING, SLUM DWELLERS, SMOKING, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL COHESION, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL EXCLUSION, SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL NORMS, SOCIAL POLICIES, SOCIAL PROGRAMS, SOCIAL SECURITY, SOCIAL SERVICES, SOCIAL WORKERS, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, TEACHERS, TECHNICAL SKILLS, TEENAGE PREGNANCY, TELEVISION, TERTIARY EDUCATION, TOLERANCE, TRAINING WOMEN, TRANSPORTATION, UNEMPLOYMENT, UNEMPLOYMENT RATES, URBAN AREAS, USE OF RESOURCES, VACCINATION, VIOLENCE, VOCATIONAL TRAINING, VULNERABLE FAMILIES, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WASTE, WORK EXPERIENCE, WORKERS, WORKING-AGE POPULATION, WORLD POPULATION, YOUNG ADULTS, YOUNG WORKERS, YOUTH