Swaziland : Using Public Transfers to Reduce Extreme Poverty
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Swaziland has a number of social
transfer programs, but these are not well coordinated and
there is a need to better define the overall priorities of
the overall safety net. Swaziland spends a significant
amount on safety nets but there is room to increase the
efficiency of spending by: (i) improving coordination
between programs; (ii) making adjustments to program design
and implementation; and (iii) removing some inefficient
programs. Social transfers could play a larger role in
reducing poverty but there are gaps in how well the safety
net supports extremely poor households with children and/or
unemployed household members. The assessment recommends that
Swaziland should consider adopting a national child grant
program and a public works program to fill these gaps.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO ELECTRICITY, ACCESS TO SERVICES, ADMINISTRATIVE COSTS, AGRICULTURAL EMPLOYMENT, AGRICULTURAL INPUTS, AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION, AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY, AGRICULTURAL SECTOR, AGRICULTURAL SHOCKS, ALTERNATIVE LIVELIHOODS, BENEFICIARIES, BENEFICIARY, BENEFICIARY HOUSEHOLDS, CASH ASSISTANCE, CASH BENEFITS, CASH TRANSFER, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAM, CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS, CASH TRANSFERS, CHRONIC POVERTY, CONDITIONAL CASH, COPING STRATEGY, CORRELATES OF POVERTY, COST-EFFECTIVENESS, CREDIT MARKETS, DECLINE IN POVERTY, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DIRECT TRANSFERS, DROUGHT, EARLY CHILDHOOD, ECONOMIC CRISIS, ECONOMIC GROWTH, EDUCATION GRANT, EDUCATION GRANTS, ELDERLY PEOPLE, ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA, EMERGENCY RESPONSE, EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS, EXTENDED FAMILIES, EXTREME POOR HOUSEHOLDS, EXTREME POVERTY, EXTREME POVERTY LINE, EXTREMELY POOR HOUSEHOLDS, EXTREMELY POOR PEOPLE, FAMILY INCOME, FAMILY MEMBERS, FAMILY SUPPORT, FARM PRODUCTIVITY, FEE WAIVERS, FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS, FINANCIAL CRISIS, FINANCIAL SUPPORT, FISCAL CRISIS, FOOD AID, FOOD CONSUMPTION, FOOD DISTRIBUTION, FOOD IMPORTS, FOOD INSECURITY, FOOD PRICE, FOOD PRICES, FOOD PRODUCTION, FOOD SECURITY, FOOD SUPPLY, FORMAL EMPLOYMENT, FORMAL SAFETY NETS, GEOGRAPHIC REGIONS, GRANT PROGRAM, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HEALTH ORGANIZATION, HEIGHT FOR AGE, HIV, HOUSEHOLD BUDGET, HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION, HOUSEHOLD HEAD, HOUSEHOLD HEADS, HOUSEHOLD INCOME, HOUSEHOLD POVERTY, HOUSEHOLDS WITH CHILDREN, HOUSING, HUMAN CAPITAL, HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT, HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS, HUMAN RIGHTS, IDIOSYNCRATIC RISK, IMPACT ON POVERTY, INCIDENCE OF POVERTY, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, INCOME DYNAMICS, INCOME INEQUALITY, INCOME POVERTY, INEQUALITY, INPUT SUBSIDIES, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INSURANCE, INTERNATIONAL AID, LABOR MARKET, LABOR MARKET PROGRAMS, LACK OF EDUCATION, LIFE EXPECTANCY, LIVING STANDARDS, MALNUTRITION, MEANS TEST, MINISTRY OF EDUCATION, MINISTRY OF HEALTH, NUMBER OF CHILDREN, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, OLD AGE, ORPHANS, PER CAPITA CONSUMPTION, POLITICAL ECONOMY, POOR, POOR CHILDREN, POOR DISTRICTS, POOR HOUSEHOLD, POOR PEOPLE, POOR RURAL HOUSEHOLDS, POOR WOMEN, POORER PEOPLE, POVERTY GAP, POVERTY INCIDENCE, POVERTY INDICATORS, POVERTY LINE, POVERTY MAP, POVERTY MAPPING, POVERTY MAPS, POVERTY MEASURES, POVERTY POVERTY, POVERTY PROFILE, POVERTY RATE, POVERTY RATES, POVERTY REDUCTION, POVERTY REDUCTION STRATEGY, POVERTY STATUS, PRIMARY EDUCATION, PROTECTION POLICIES, PROTECTION SYSTEM, PUBLIC ASSISTANCE, PUBLIC POLICY, PUBLIC SAFETY NET, PUBLIC SERVICE, PUBLIC TRANSFERS, PUBLIC WORKS, PUBLIC WORKS PROGRAMS, RURAL, RURAL AREAS, RURAL DIMENSION, RURAL PHENOMENON, RURAL POOR, SAFE WATER, SAFETY NET PROGRAMS, SAFETY NET SYSTEM, SAFETY NET SYSTEMS, SAFETY NETS, SANITATION, SAVINGS, SCHOOL ENROLLMENT, SCHOOL FEEDING, SCHOOL FEEDING PROGRAMS, SCHOOL YEAR, SECONDARY EDUCATION, SELECTION CRITERIA, SHOCK, SHORT-TERM EMPLOYMENT, SINGLE-PARENT FAMILIES, SKILLED WORKERS, SOCIAL ASSISTANCE, SOCIAL CARE, SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, SOCIAL INSURANCE, SOCIAL INSURANCE PROGRAMS, SOCIAL PENSIONS, SOCIAL PROTECTION, SOCIAL SAFETY NET, SOCIAL SAFETY NETS, SOCIAL TRANSFER, SOCIAL TRANSFERS, SOCIAL WELFARE, SSN, SUBSISTENCE, SUPPLEMENTARY FEEDING, SUSTAINABLE POVERTY REDUCTION, TARGETING, TARGETING MECHANISMS, TRANSACTION COSTS, TRANSFER PROGRAM, TRANSFER PROGRAMS, TUBERCULOSIS, UNEMPLOYMENT, VULNERABILITY, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT, VULNERABILITY OF WOMEN, VULNERABLE CHILDREN, VULNERABLE CITIZENS, VULNERABLE GROUP, VULNERABLE GROUPS, VULNERABLE HOUSEHOLDS, VULNERABLE INDIVIDUALS, VULNERABLE PEOPLE, VULNERABLE POPULATIONS, WATER SOURCES, WEALTH GROUPS, WEATHER SHOCKS, WIDESPREAD POVERTY, WORKFARE, WORKS PROGRAM, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION