Site-specific nutrient management for rice using soil properties to adjust phosphorus and potassium supply from compound NPK fertilizer

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dc.creatorGirsang, Setia Sari
dc.creatorCastillo, Rowena L.
dc.creatorSyam, Mahyuddin
dc.creatorZaini, Zulkifli
dc.creatorKartaatmadja, Sunendar
dc.creatorSuyamto
dc.creatorDela Torre, Judith Carla
dc.creatorPabuayon, Irish Lorraine B.
dc.creatorLimpiada, Romalene A.
dc.creatorWaluyo
dc.creatorHelmi
dc.creatorSamijan
dc.creatorBudiono, Rohmad
dc.creatorHatta, Muhammad
dc.creatorNurhayati
dc.creatorKamandalu, Ngurah Bagus
dc.creatorSusanto, Bambang
dc.creatorParhusip, Dorkas
dc.creatorAbidin, Zainal
dc.creatorBuresh, Roland J.
dc.date2025-05
dc.date2025-05-15T07:42:00Z
dc.date2025-05-15T07:42:00Z
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-27T04:15:45Z
dc.description"Context or problem: Compound fertilizers containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) are often applied to rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Asia, but the fixed P:K ratio of these fertilizers can restrict the adjustment of P and K rates to match crop needs. Objective or research question: We hypothesized that site-specific nutrient management (SSNM) using a locally available NPK fertilizer could increase rice yield and then that soil properties could be used to better adjust nutrient inputs to match crop needs. Methods: Yield responses to added N, P, and K in on-farm nutrient omission plot technique (NOPT) trials across Indonesia were used to develop an SSNM practice, which was evaluated relative to farmer’s fertilizer practice (FFP) in 528 on-farm trials with lowland rice. Relationships of soil properties with yield responses were then examined across 38 additional trials on diverse soils. Results: An SSNM practice with one NPK fertilizer supplying all P and K increased yield by 0.4 Mg ha−1 and increased gross return above fertilizer cost by 173 USD ha−1 compared to FFP. The SSNM practice used less N and P but slightly more K than FFP. Median relative yields — defined as the ratio of yield in a nutrient omission plot and yield in a full-fertilizer plot — were 0.75 without added N, 0.94 without added P, and 0.94 without added K for 252 NOPT trials. Based on NOPT trials, the SSNM practice could be improved by applying more K at some locations because the P:K ratio of 0.52 (P2O5:K2O = 1) for the NPK fertilizer was higher than the estimated optimum to meet crop needs. Higher K requirement was associated with soil pH < 5.5, soil K saturation < 1.8 %, and soil base saturation < 40 %. Conclusions: Farmer’s P use for rice can often be reduced with an upper limit for the P rate set to match the net removal of P by the crop. An NPK fertilizer with P:K ratio = 0.44–0.52 would meet P and K requirements at many locations, and a mid-season topdressing of additional K could be targeted to locations requiring more K. Higher K use could target areas with soil pH < 5.5, which could be approximated from soil maps and verified with soil test kits. Implications or significance: The examination of associations between crop response to a nutrient and soil properties, other than soil nutrient status, merits use elsewhere to identify soil characteristics helpful in fine-tuning SSNM."
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10568/174606
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/26945
dc.languageen
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.rightsLimited Access
dc.sourceGirsang, Setia Sari, Rowena L. Castillo, Mahyuddin Syam, Zulkifli Zaini, Sunendar Kartaatmadja, Judith Carla Dela Torre, Irish Lorraine B. Pabuayon et al. "Site-specific nutrient management for rice using soil properties to adjust phosphorus and potassium supply from compound NPK fertilizer." Field Crops Research 326 (2025): 109864.
dc.subjectcrop yield
dc.subjecteconomic analysis
dc.subjectfield experimentation
dc.subjectbase saturation
dc.subjectsoil fertility
dc.subjectsoil testing
dc.subjectsoil pH
dc.subjectsoil properties
dc.subjectnutrient requirements
dc.subjectnutrient uptake
dc.subjectnutrient availability
dc.subjectspecific nutrient management
dc.subjectcompound fertilizers
dc.subjectoryza sativa
dc.titleSite-specific nutrient management for rice using soil properties to adjust phosphorus and potassium supply from compound NPK fertilizer
dc.typeJournal Article

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Instituto Internacional de Investigación del Arroz (IRRI)