Brazil Low Carbon Case Study : Waste
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Washington, DC
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This report synthesis the findings for
the waste sector of a broader study, the Brazil low carbon
study, which was undertaken by the World Bank in its
initiative to support Brazil's integrated effort
towards reducing national and global emissions of Greenhouse
Gases (GHG) while promoting long term development. The
purpose of the present report is to assist in the
preparation of public policy proposals regarding GHG
emissions and the additional financial resources necessary.
The main purpose of the scenarios is to provide an
evaluation of the GHG emissions arising from the different
approaches and methods for treating waste and to ensure that
important environmental aspects are taken into account when
key decisions are being made on the waste treatment
technologies to be applied in Brazil. The World Bank and
covers four key areas with large potential for low-carbon
options: 1) Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry
(LULUCF), including deforestation; 2) transport systems; 3)
energy production and use, particularly electricity, oil and
gas and bio-fuels; and 4) solid and liquid urban waste.
Palabras clave
ABSENCE OF OXYGEN, ACID GASES, AERATION, AEROBIC COMPOSTING, AEROBIC COMPOSTING PROCESS, AEROBIC PROCESS, AIR, AIRFLOW, ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION, ANAEROBIC DIGESTION, ANAEROBIC LAGOONS, ANAEROBIC TREATMENT, ANNUAL PRECIPITATION, ANTHROPOGENIC EMISSIONS, ASH, ATMOSPHERE, BASIC SANITATION, BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND, BIOGAS, BIOMASS, BLOWERS, BOD, BOILERS, BOTTOM ASH, BURNING WASTE, CALCIUM, CALCIUM CARBONATE, CALCULATION, CARBON, CARBON CONTENT, CARBON DIOXIDE, CARBON DIOXIDE GAS, CARBON EMISSIONS, CARBON PRICE, CARBON PRICES, CATCHMENT, CH4, CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES, CLIMATE, CLIMATE CHANGE, CO, CO2, COLLECTED WASTE, COLLECTION FREQUENCY, COLORS, COMBUSTION, COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY, COMBUSTION PROCESS, COMPACTION, COMPOST, COMPOSTING, COMPOSTING PROJECTS, DEFORESTATION, DEGRADABLE ORGANIC CARBON, DIGESTERS, DIOXINS, DISPOSAL METHOD, DISPOSAL OF WASTE, DISPOSAL OPERATION, DISPOSAL OPERATIONS, DISPOSAL PRACTICES, DISPOSAL SITE, DISPOSAL SITES, DOMESTIC SOLID WASTE, DRAINAGE, DRAINAGE SYSTEM, DRAINAGE SYSTEMS, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, EMISSION, EMISSION ESTIMATES, EMISSION FACTOR, EMISSION FACTORS, EMISSION SCENARIO, EMISSION SCENARIOS, EMISSIONS, EMISSIONS DATA, EMISSIONS ESTIMATES, EMISSIONS FROM INCINERATION, EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILL, EMISSIONS FROM LANDFILLS, ENERGY PRODUCTION, ENERGY RECOVERY, ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE, ESTIMATES OF EMISSIONS, EXCHANGERS, FABRIC FILTERS, FINAL DISPOSAL, FINAL DISPOSAL OF WASTE, FLUE GASES, FLUIDIZED BED, FOAMS, FORCED AERATION, FORESTRY, FOSSIL CARBON, FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE, FUELS, GARBAGE, GARBAGE TRUCKS, GARDENS, GAS TREATMENT, GAS TREATMENT SYSTEMS, GASEOUS EMISSIONS, GENERATION CAPACITY, GENERATION OF WASTE, GHG, GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE, GLOBAL EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE, GREENHOUSE GAS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORIES, GREENHOUSE GASES, H2S, HAZARDOUS POLLUTANTS, HAZARDOUS WASTE, HEAT, HEATERS, HEAVY METALS, HOUSEHOLD WASTE, HOUSEHOLD WASTE DISPOSAL, HYDROGEN, INCINERATION, INCINERATION PROCESS, INCINERATORS, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT TREATMENT, INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS, IPCC, LAND USE, LANDFILL, LANDFILL DISPOSAL, LANDFILL OPERATIONS, LANDFILL PROJECTS, LANDFILL SITE, LANDFILL SITES, LANDFILL WASTE, LEACHATES, LEACHING, LIME, LOW-CARBON, MANUFACTURING PROCESSES, MARGINAL ABATEMENT, MARGINAL ABATEMENT COST, METHANE, METHANE CORRECTION, METHANE RECOVERY, MICROORGANISMS, MMA, MSW, MUNICIPAL SERVICES, MUNICIPAL SOLID, MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, MUNICIPAL WASTE, N2O, NITROUS OXIDE, NOZZLES, ODORS, ORGANIC CARBON, ORGANIC MATERIAL, ORGANIC WASTE, ORGANIC WASTE MATERIALS, OXIDATION, OXYGEN, PARTICLES, PARTICULATE, PARTICULATES, PERFORATED PIPES, PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY, PIPES, PIPING, PLASTIC, POLLUTION, PRECIPITATION, PVC, RAINFALL, RAINWATER, RECOVERY SYSTEMS, RECYCLABLE MATERIALS, RECYCLING, RESIDUES, SANITARY CONDITIONS, SANITARY LANDFILL, SANITARY LANDFILLS, SANITATION, SANITATION FACILITIES, SANITATION POLICIES, SANITATION PROGRAM, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION TECHNOLOGY, SCAVENGER, SEWAGE, SEWAGE SECTOR, SEWAGE SLUDGE, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SEWAGE TREATMENT SYSTEMS, SLUDGE, SLUDGES, SOIL COVER, SOLID WASTE INCINERATION, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, SOLID WASTE SECTOR, SOLID WASTES, SOURCE REDUCTION, SPECIAL WASTE, STORM WATER, STRAW, SULPHURIC ACID, SUSTAINABLE ENERGY, TANKS, TEMPERATURE, THERMAL TREATMENT, TOTAL EMISSIONS, TURBULENCE, UNDERGROUND WATER, URBAN WASTE, VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, WASTE COLLECTION, WASTE COLLECTION SERVICES, WASTE COMPANIES, WASTE COMPONENTS, WASTE COMPOSITION, WASTE DISPOSAL, WASTE DISPOSAL SITES, WASTE GENERATION, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WASTE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, WASTE PRODUCTION, WASTE REDUCTION, WASTE SEPARATION, WASTE TREATMENT, WASTE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES, WASTEWATER, WATER POLLUTION, WELLS