Harnessing Urbanization to End Poverty and Boost Prosperity in Africa
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World Bank, Washington, DC
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Urbanization is the single most
important transformation that the African continent will
undergo this century. More than half of Africa's
population will live in its cities by 2040. In the face of
rapid urbanization, there is a narrow window of opportunity
to harness the potential of cities as engines of economic
growth, and use this as a powerful leverage to achieve
sustainable development and poverty reduction. Despite its
rapid urban growth, Africa is less than halfway through the
urbanization process and in some countries, a large number
of people reside in rural areas. Rapid urbanization, if well
managed, can curb urban sprawl, deteriorating access to
services, greater inequality, and increased crime. The
concentration of people in cities also elevates the risks
and costs associated with extreme weather and natural
disasters resulting from climate change. The World Bank
Group's (WBGs) support will focus on three key areas:
metropolitan areas and large cities; secondary and tertiary
cities; and informal settlements. This will include both
multi-sectoral investment programs that integrate a basket
of services (for example, upgrading of electricity, water,
sanitation, roads, drains in unplanned settlements); and
sector specific projects (for example, in urban water, solid
waste, and transport) to improve the effectiveness of
service delivery. This paper is organized in following
chapters: chapter one discusses why is it urgent to get
Africa's urbanization right?; chapter two gives the
vision for efficient, inclusive, and sustainable
urbanization; chapter three presents priorities for
Africa's policymakers; and chapter four deals with
working with Africa to support efficient, inclusive, and
sustainable cities.
Palabras clave
ACCESS TO SERVICES, ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE, AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES, AIR, AIR POLLUTION, BASIC INFRASTRUCTURE, BOTTLENECKS, BROWNFIELDS, BUS, BUS DEPOTS, BUSES, CAPACITY BUILDING, CAPITAL FORMATION, CAPITAL INVESTMENT, CAPITAL INVESTMENTS, CAPITAL MARKETS, CARS, CENTRAL BUSINESS DISTRICT, CITIZEN, CITY DEVELOPMENT, CITY DWELLERS, CITY GOVERNMENTS, CITY PLANNING, CITY SIZE, CLIMATE CHANGE, COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE, COMPETITIVE MARKETS, COMPLEX TASK, CONGESTION, CREDITWORTHINESS, DEBT, DECISION MAKING, DEVELOPED COUNTRIES, DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, DEVELOPMENT PLANS, DRAINAGE, DRINKING WATER, DRIVERS, DRIVING, ECONOMIC ACTIVITY, ECONOMIC CHANGE, ECONOMIC CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC PRODUCTIVITY, ECONOMICS, ECONOMIES OF SCALE, EMISSIONS, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS, ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, ENVIRONMENTAL EXTERNALITIES, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES, ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY, EXPENDITURES, FAMILY MEMBERS, FINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTURE, FISCAL POLICIES, FLOOR AREA, FLOOR AREA RATIO, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FUTURE GENERATIONS, GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT, HIGH-SPEED RAIL, HIGHWAYS, HOUSEHOLD LEVEL, HOUSING DEVELOPMENT, HOUSING MARKETS, HUMAN SETTLEMENTS, ILLNESS, INDUSTRIALIZATION, INFORMAL HOUSING, INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT, INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADING, INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY, INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY, JOB CREATION, LABOR FORCE, LAND USE, LARGE CITIES, LARGE NUMBER OF PEOPLE, LEGAL FRAMEWORK, LEVELS OF PRODUCTIVITY, LIVING STANDARDS, LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, LOCAL ECONOMY, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, LOCAL TRANSPORT, MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS, MIGRATION, MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, MOBILITY, MORTALITY, MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS, NATIONAL BORDERS, NATIONAL INCOME, NATIONAL LEVEL, NATURAL DISASTERS, NATURAL RESOURCE, NATURAL RESOURCES, NEIGHBORHOODS, OIL, OIL PRICES, POLICY DIALOGUE, POLICY INSTRUMENTS, POLICY MAKERS, POLICY RESEARCH, POLICY RESEARCH WORKING PAPER, POLLUTION, POPULATION DENSITIES, POPULATION DENSITY, POPULATION DIVISION, POPULATION GROWTH, POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION, PRACTITIONERS, PRIVATE PROPERTY, PROGRESS, PROPERTY RIGHTS, PROVISION OF INFRASTRUCTURE, PUBLIC GOODS, PUBLIC HEALTH, PUBLIC SERVICES, PUBLIC TRANSPORT, PUBLIC WORKS, QUALITY OF LIFE, RAIL, RAIL NETWORK, RATES OF GROWTH, RECREATION, REGIONAL BANKS, REGIONAL TRANSPORT, REGULATORY REGIMES, REGULATORY SUPPORT, RESEARCH AGENDA, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, RISING DEMAND, RISK MANAGEMENT, ROAD, ROAD IMPROVEMENT, ROADS, RURAL AREAS, RURAL POPULATION, SANITATION, SEA LEVEL, SECONDARY CITIES, SERVICE DELIVERY, SERVICE PROVIDERS, SERVICE SECTORS, SEWERAGE, SLUMS, SOCIAL AFFAIRS, SOCIAL BENEFITS, SOCIAL EQUITY, SOCIAL IMPACT, SOCIAL INCLUSION, SOLID WASTE, SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT, STAKEHOLDERS, STRATEGIC PRIORITIES, SUSTAINABLE CITIES, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, SUSTAINABLE GROWTH, TAXIS, TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, TOWN DEVELOPMENT, TRAFFIC, TRANSPORT, TRANSPORT AUTHORITY, TRANSPORT COSTS, TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE, TRANSPORT INVESTMENT, TRANSPORT MODES, TRANSPORT POLICY, TRANSPORT SECTOR, TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, TRANSPORTATION, TRAVEL TIME, TREATMENT SERVICES, TRUE, UNPLANNED SETTLEMENTS, URBAN AREAS, URBAN CENTER, URBAN DEVELOPMENT, URBAN DWELLERS, URBAN ENVIRONMENT, URBAN GROWTH, URBAN GROWTH RATE, URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE, URBAN INVESTMENTS, URBAN ISSUES, URBAN LAND, URBAN MANAGEMENT, URBAN MIGRATION, URBAN MOBILITY, URBAN POLICIES, URBAN POOR, URBAN POPULATION, URBAN POPULATIONS, URBAN POVERTY, URBAN ROAD, URBAN ROADS, URBAN SECTOR, URBAN SERVICES, URBAN SPRAWL, URBAN STAKEHOLDERS, URBAN TRANSFORMATION, URBAN TRANSPORT, URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, URBANIZATION, URBANIZATION PROCESS, URBANIZED COUNTRIES, UTILITIES, VEHICLE, VULNERABILITY, WASTE MANAGEMENT, WEALTH, WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, WORLD POPULATION