Climate Variability and Water Resource Degradation in Kenya : Improving Water Resources Development and Management
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Washington, DC: World Bank
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This report attempts to fill that gap
for two of the most important water-related issues facing
the effects of climate variability and the steady
degradation of the nation's water resources. The study
reported here concluded that the El Niño-La Niña episode
from 1997-2000 cost the country Ksh 290 billion (about 14
percent of GDP during that period). During El Niño-induced
floods, this cost primarily arises from destruction of
infrastructure such as roads, water supply infrastructure,
and pipe networks. The largest costs incurred during the La
Niña droughts (1998-2000) were from loss of industrial
production and other costs arising from reduced hydropower
generation, as well as from crop and livestock losses. These
costs are felt throughout Kenyan society.
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ABSTRACTION POINTS, ADEQUATE WATER, ADEQUATE WATER RESOURCES, ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY, AGGREGATE DEMAND, AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT, AQUIFERS, AVAILABILITY OF WATER, AVAILABLE, AVAILABLE WATER, AVAILABLE WATER RESOURCES, BASIN DEVELOPMENT, BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY, BOREHOLES, CALVING, CATCHMENT AREA, CATCHMENT AREAS, CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT, CLIMATE CHANGES, CLIMATE VARIABILITY, COASTAL BEACHES, CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY, CONSTRUCTION, CROP PRODUCTION, CUBIC METERS, DISCHARGE, DISPOSAL OF WASTEWATER, DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL, DOMESTIC WATER, DOMESTIC WATER SUPPLY, DROUGHT, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, ECONOMIC VALUE, ELECTRICITY GENERATION, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, ENVIRONMENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL GOODS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT, EROSION, FISH, FISHERIES, FLOOD DAMAGE, FOOD SECURITY, FORESTRY, FRESHWATER RESOURCES, FRESHWATER SUPPLY, GNP, GRAZING, GROUNDWATER, GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT, GROUNDWATER RESOURCES, GROUNDWATER TABLE, HIGH WATER, HOUSEHOLDS, INCOME, INDUSTRIAL GROWTH, INDUSTRIAL WATER, INVESTMENT PLANNING, INVESTMENT PROGRAM, LAKES, LAND USE, LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, MANAGEMENT OF WATER, NATIONAL WATER POLICY, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES, NATIONAL WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCE BASE, NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, NATURAL RESOURCES, NUTRIENTS, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, PERMITS, PIPELINE, POLLUTION, POPULATION GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH RATE, POVERTY LINE, PROGRAMS, PUMPING, QUALITY WATER, RAINFALL VARIABILITY, REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT, RIPARIAN, RIPARIAN OWNERS, RIVER BASIN, RIVER BASINS, RIVER WATER, RIVERS, SAFE WATER, SAFE YIELD, SANITATION SECTOR, SANITATION SYSTEMS, SANITATION WATER, SEAWATER, SEDIMENTS, SEMI-ARID LANDS, SEWAGE TREATMENT, SOIL CONSERVATION, STORAGE CAPACITY, SURFACE WATER, SURFACE WATER RESOURCES, SUSTAINABLE WATER, SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY, TREATIES, URBAN AREAS, URBAN WATER, WATER, WATER ABSTRACTION, WATER ALLOCATION, WATER CONSERVATION, WATER DEMAND, WATER DEVELOPMENT, WATER LEVEL, WATER MANAGEMENT, WATER MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES, WATER NEEDS, WATER PARTNERSHIP, WATER POLICY, WATER QUALITY, WATER REPLENISHMENT, WATER RESOURCE, WATER RESOURCE INFRASTRUCTURE, WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT, WATER RESOURCES, WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT, WATER SCARCITY, WATER SECTOR, WATER STORAGE, WATER SUPPLIES, WATER SUPPLY, WATER SYSTEMS, WATER TABLE, WATER TESTING, WATER TREATMENT, WATER USAGE, WATER USE, WATER USER, WATER USERS, WELLS, WILDLIFE SERVICE