The Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue

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dc.creatorAnderson, Jock R.
dc.creatorFeder, Gershon
dc.creatorGanguly, Sushma
dc.date2012-06-19T18:12:03Z
dc.date2012-06-19T18:12:03Z
dc.date2006-05
dc.date.accessioned2026-07-01T01:09:32Z
dc.descriptionThe paper reviews the origins and evolution of the Training and Visit (T&V) extension system, which was promoted by the World Bank in 1975-98 in over 50 developing countries. The discussion seeks to clarify the context within which the approach was implemented, and to analyze the causes for its lack of sustainability and its ultimate abandonment. The paper identifies some of the challenges faced by the T&V approach as being typical of a large public extension system, where issues of scale, interaction with the agricultural research systems, inability to attribute benefits, weak accountability, and lack of political support tend to lead to incentive problems among staff and managers of extension, and limited budgetary resources. The different incentives and outlook of domestic stakeholders and external donor agencies are also reviewed. The main cause of the T&V system's disappearance is attributed to the incompatibility of its high recurrent costs with the limited budgets available domestically, leading to fiscal unsustainability. The paper concludes with some lessons that apply to donor-driven public extension initiatives, and more generally to rural development fads. The role of timely, independent, and rigorous evaluative studies is specifically highlighted.
dc.formatapplication/pdf
dc.formattext/plain
dc.identifierhttp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2006/05/6801915/rise-fall-training-visit-extension-asian-mini-drama-african-epilogue
dc.identifierhttps://hdl.handle.net/10986/8447
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3928
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/415688
dc.languageEnglish
dc.publisherWorld Bank, Washington, DC
dc.relationPolicy Research Working Paper; No. 3928
dc.rightsCC BY 3.0 IGO
dc.rightshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/
dc.rightsWorld Bank
dc.subjectACCOUNTABILITY
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXTENSION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INFORMATION
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL INFORMATION SERVICES
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH
dc.subjectAGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectAGRICULTURE
dc.subjectBI
dc.subjectBUREAUCRACIES
dc.subjectCLIENT COUNTRIES
dc.subjectCOUNTRIES
dc.subjectCREDIT POLICIES
dc.subjectCROPS
dc.subjectCULTURAL CHANGE
dc.subjectECONOMICS
dc.subjectEQUIPMENT
dc.subjectEXTENSION
dc.subjectEXTENSION AGENTS
dc.subjectEXTENSION SERVICES
dc.subjectFARM PRODUCTIVITY
dc.subjectFARM RESEARCH
dc.subjectFARMER
dc.subjectFARMER PARTICIPATION
dc.subjectFARMERS
dc.subjectFARMING SYSTEMS
dc.subjectFOOD PRODUCTION
dc.subjectHOUSING
dc.subjectILLITERACY
dc.subjectINFORMATION DISSEMINATION
dc.subjectINNOVATIONS
dc.subjectINSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectIRRIGATION
dc.subjectLIVESTOCK
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENT
dc.subjectLOCAL GOVERNMENTS
dc.subjectMARKETING
dc.subjectMEDIA
dc.subjectNATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEMS
dc.subjectNGOS
dc.subjectNONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
dc.subjectNUTRITION
dc.subjectPOOR
dc.subjectPOOR PEOPLE
dc.subjectPROGRAMS
dc.subjectQUALITATIVE ASSESSMENTS
dc.subjectRESEARCH CENTERS
dc.subjectRURAL DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectSCIENTISTS
dc.subjectSMALLHOLDER FARMERS
dc.subjectTRAINING ACTIVITIES
dc.subjectTRANSPORT
dc.subjectVILLAGE DEVELOPMENT
dc.subjectVILLAGE LEVEL
dc.titleThe Rise and Fall of Training and Visit Extension : An Asian Mini-drama with an African Epilogue

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